5/5/12

Module 18 Adolescence & Adulthood

AIMAN BIN MOHAMED UMMUHUZAINAD BINTI ALIAS SITI NIRMA BINTI SAIDI MOHD RIDWAN BIN OMAR

KB1110340 KB0970784 KB0970932 KB1081028

MOHD SYAFIQ HAIKAL BIN NAZARUDDIN KB1190838

5/5/12

PUBERTY AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

5/5/12

PUBERTY AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

Girls during puberty Puberty sets off physical growth

> starts 9.6 years > begins 6-12 months before breast development Puberty triggers a physiological process: female sexual maturity Menarche > first menstrual period (ovulation

5/5/12

Girls during puberty

Female secondary sexual characteristics > triggered by increase of estrogen secretion > includes growth of pubic hair, development of breasts, and widening of hips > begins about 10.5 years > continues for about 4 to 5 years

5/5/12

Boys during puberty Triggers an increase in physical growth (height) age 13-14 Male sexual maturity, includes growth of genital organs > begins around age 11 and continues for approximately three years > sperm production begins around the age 12-14 Male secondary characteristics > triggered by increased secretion of

COGNITIVE & EMOTIONAL CHANGES Definition refers to how a person perceives, thinks, and gains an understanding of his or her world through the interaction and influence of genetic and learned factors Piagets Cognitive Stages: continued Stage 4: Formal Operations last of Piagets four cognitive stages

5/5/12

5/5/12

COGNITIVE & EMOTIONAL CHANGES (CONT.) Brain development: reason and emotion Prefrontal cortex: executive functions located near the front of the brain Vulnerability around age 11 and continuing into young adult hood, the brain rewires and reorganizes

COGNITIVE & EMOTIONAL CHANGES (CONT.) Brain development: reason and emotion Prefrontal cortex: executive functions risk-taking behavior explains the adolescents brain (not being fully developed) allows for risky or irresponsible behavior feel invulnerable and have no fear of accidents

5/5/12

COGNITIVE & EMOTIONAL CHANGES (CONT.) Brain development: reason and emotion Limbic system: emotional behaviors teenagers have less control over their emotional and impulsive behaviors moody, emotional, and impulsive behaviors involved in a wide range of emotional behaviors, such as: being ecstatic over getting a date

5/5/12

 Kohlbergs

theory of moral reasoning

5/5/12

5/5/12

1)

Self interest (pre conventional level) Fear of punishment Need to obedient Moral reasoning is guide most by satisfying ones self interest

Stage 1
) )

Stage 2
)

5/5/12

2) Social approval : conventional level Stage 3 Moral decision-standard of others we value Stage 4 Moral reasoning-conforming to law and society 3) Abstract idea : post conventional level Stage 5 Striking a balance between human

Parenting style and effects

5/5/12

5/5/12

Authoritarian parent
You

must, you should control their child from religion Authoritative parent/

Parent Comes

demokrasi
Children

activities in a rational and intelligent way loving

Supportive,

5/5/12

Permissive parent/laizzey-faire
Less

controlling and behave with a non punishing and accepting attitude toward their child impulses, desire and actions

PERSONALITY & SOCIAL CHANGES

5/5/12

Personality and social development

refers to how a person develops a sense of self or self-identity, develops relationships with others, and develops the skills useful in social interactions
Personal

identity or self-identity

refers to how we describe ourselves and includes our values, goals, traits, perceptions, interests, and motivations

5/5/12

Development of self-esteem Self-esteem

> how much we like ourselves and how much we value our self-worth, importance, attractiveness, and social competence High self-esteem-develop and maintain high levels > 60% of adolescents develop and maintain a strong sense of self-esteem through junior high school

5/5/12

Development of self-esteem

Low self-esteem-develop and maintain low levels > 15% of adolescents develop and maintain a chronically low self-esteem through junior high school > have continuing personal and social problems (shy, lonely, depressed), which have been present for some time and contribute to low self-esteem

5/5/12

Development of self-esteem Forces shaping self-esteem girls

> are dependent upon the ability to relate well to others > are more likely to be the ones showing declining or low self-esteem boys > are dependent upon looking cool in public, which means not letting stress

5/5/12

Adulthood: Eriksons Psychosocial Stages

Stage 5: Identity versus role confusion > adolescence (12-20) > adolescents need to leave behind the carefree, irresponsible, and impulsive behaviors of childhood and develop the more purposeful, planned, and responsible behaviors of adulthood

5/5/12

Adulthood: Eriksons Psychosocial Stages Stage 6: Intimacy versus isolation

> young adulthood (20-40) > young adulthood is a time for finding intimacy by developing loving and meaningful relationships > can find intimacy in caring relationships > negative side, without intimacy, we will have a painful feeling of isolation,

5/5/12

Adulthood: Eriksons Psychosocial Stages

Stage 7: Generativity versus stagnation > middle adulthood (40-65) > time for helping the younger generation develop worthwhile lives > positive: achieve generativity through raising our own children > also by mentoring at work and helping others

5/5/12

Adulthood: Eriksons Psychosocial Stages Stage 8: Integrity versus despair

> late adulthood (65 and older) > time for reflecting on and reviewing how we met previous challenges and lived our lives > positive side: if we can look back and feel content about how we lived and what we accomplished, we will have a feeling of satisfaction or

5/5/12

GENDER ROLES, LOVE & RELATIONSHIP

5/5/12

Definition: Gender roles > Traditional or stereotypic behaviors, attitudes, values, and personality traits that society says are how males and females are to think and behave U.S. gender roles > Female gender role includes being caring, insecure, helpful, emotional, social, and shy > Male gender role includes being

5/5/12

Definition: Gender Roles Worldwide gender roles Male gender roles include being ambitious, dominant, and independent Female gender roles include being submissive, affectionate, and emotional Differences in gender roles are clearly defined because society (family, peers, bosses, and colleagues)

5/5/12

Gender roles: development and function Evolutionary Psychology Theory

Emphasizes

genetic and biological

forces

says that current gender differences are a continuation of the behaviors that evolved from early men and women who adapted these different behaviors and environment in their attempts to survive the problems of

5/5/12

KINDS OF LOVE
Passionate love
Involves

continuously thinking about the loved one and is accompanied by warm sexual feelings and powerful emotional reactions Companionate love having trusting and tender feelings for someone whose life is closely bound up with ones own

Involves

THREE COMPONENTS LOVE

5/5/12

5/5/12

Kinds of love Triangular theory of love Passion

v

Feeling physically aroused and attracted to someone Intimacy Feeling close and connected to someone Develops through sharing and communicating

5/5/12

PHYSICAL CHANGES

PHYSICAL CHANGES: AGING Kinds of aging Normal aging

5/5/12

gradual and natural slowing of our physical and psychological processes from middle through late adulthood Pathological aging caused by genetic defects, physiological problems, or diseases, such as Alzheimers

PHYSICAL CHANGES: AGING (CONT.)

5/5/12

Sexual changes with aging: women physical symptoms hot flashes, some sleep disturbance, and dryness of the vagina, which results from a decrease and eventual stoppage in the secretion of estrogen psychological symptoms moodiness, depression, anxiety, and

Sexual changes with aging: men Sexual responding older men may require more time and stimulation to have an erection healthy men usually have no difficulty in becoming sexually aroused or reaching orgasm Physiological problems Some men see their decreased sexual abilities as a threat to their self-esteem

5/5/12

5/5/12

THANKS YOU