OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF SENSOR NODES NODE ARCHITECTURE

APPLICATION AS A FOREST FIRE DETECTION

CONCLUSION

Gateways Nodes Common Nodes

Node Architecture

WINS NG 2.0 Node Parts cost Size (cm3) Battery capacity(KJ) Weight (g) Sensors $ 100s 5300 300 5400 Off-board

IPAQ with 802.11 and A/D Cards $ 100s 600 35 350 Microphone, light sensors, integrated, Off-board 64 MB RAM, 32 MB flash Xscale WinCE or Linux 100m

Barkeley MICA Mote $ 10s 40 15 70 Temperature, Light, sound, Acceleration 4 KB RAM, 128 KB flash ATmega 103L TinyOS 30m

Smart Dust <$ 1 0.002 LESS 0.002 MEMS sensor to be integrated LESS Less powerful Smaller Shorter

Memory CPU Operating system Radio rang

32 MB RAM, 32 MB flash Hitachi SH4 Linux 100m

Types of Forest Fires

A. Ground fire

B. Surface fire

C. Crown fire

Thermal detection Animal Behavior Classification.

Normal

Abnormal

How reliably and timely can the system detect a physical stimulus? How well does the system detect, localize or track physical stimuli? How does the system perform in the presence of node or link failure as wells as malicious attacks?

Wireless Sensor Nodes Navigator (GPS) Computer Tiny OS Embedded wireless sensor software Nes C, Simulator

Reduction in cost. More dynamic and wider detection as compared to fixed sensors. Unreachable areas can now be controlled by MBSs. To detect poaching, and monitor comprehensive animal deaths. Proposed methods are very convenient and can easily detect.

Possibility of lack of appropriate animals for special forests. Determining climate conditions, daily temp differences, seasonal normal temp values, etc. are problematic. Use of batteries create environmental pollution, introducing extra radiation and cadmium to the forest and animals. Moreover, each battery needs to be changed periodically, but capturing the MBS to do this is not easy.

New wireless technologies and new satellite tracking systems can be adapted to increase the efficiency of the system New sensors can be produced or existing sensors can be improved to increase robustness of the proposed system. A number of investigations can be made regarding animal behavior in case of fire to improve system reliability.

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