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2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
Heat Transfer
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2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
Heat Transfer
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2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
Summer in a 3-StoryTownhouse
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75 75
Fan running
95
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
Summer in a 3-StoryTownhouse
80 75
75
95
75 70
7
70 70
70
Fan running
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
0
8
75 70
70
0
68 70 70
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
Temperature measurement
Celsius Fahrenheit
100C Water boils
F = (9/5 x C) + 32 F = (1.8 x C) + 32 F = (1.8 x 100) + 32 F = (180) + 32 F = 212
212F
0C
Water freezes
Convert C to F: C = .55 x (F 32) C = .55 x (32 -32) C = 0
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
32F
10
Barometer
Inches
Atmosphere pushes down
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
29.92 In. Hg
Mercury (Hg)
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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25.0 At 30,000 elevation water boils at 100 F At 5000 elevation water boils at 203 F
29.9
12
in. Hg 29.92 10.00 2.00 1.00 .20 .10 .04 .02 .01
Microns 760,000 258,000 52,000 25,000 5,000 2,500 1,000 500 250
80
DROP
30
25 20
15
10 5
Water
Mercury
Vacuum Pump
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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At 0 psig water boils at 212 At 30 psig water reaches 271 before boiling
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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15
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
29.92 In. Hg
12.5
10 7.5
14.7 PSIA
5
2.5 0
Mercury (Hg)
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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60
25
0 in. Hg
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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Low Side
Pressure Gauges
High Side
60
25
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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69 psig 40 (R22)
25
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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Pressure
PSIG
180 185 190 195 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 123 125 127 128 130 134 137 140 143 146 149 152 155
Temperatures
134a 22
94 96 98 100 101 105 108 111 114 117 120 123 126 128 131 137 143 149 155
404A
82 84 86 88 89 92 95 99 102 104 107 110 113 115 118 124 129 134 139 144 149 154
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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32 0
16 BTUH
144 BTUH
180 BTUH
970 BTUH
160
340
1310
Heat requiredraise raise 0F iceor change to 32Fice 1F? to raise How much heat to heat isof1lb. of 32F ice statesteam? HowHow much changerequiredfrom 32F to 212F? much heat to 1#212F water 32F ice? of a water? to changetemperature to raise 1lb. of substance: water to 212F
Weight144BTU =(Specific BTU X (32-0)F vaporization) 1lb.1lb. iceX 970(212-32)heat X heat of ice) X Difference = BTU water 1lb.X Specific144BTUTemperature 1Ffusion) water .50 (specific heat of ice) X X BTU =970 180 (Latent heat of = = .5BTU = BTU (Latent heat of 16 BTU ice X .5
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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U-Tube Manometer
Air flow causes pressure in the duct
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
5 WC
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Above freezing
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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LIQUID
VAPOR
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
SOLID
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Pascals Law
Pressure applied upon a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.
First used in the development of hydraulic brakes. Refrigerant is a pressurized confined fluid.
Whether liquid, vapor, or a combination the pressures are the same within its part of the system. The high side of the system maintains the same pressure throughout, as does the low side.
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
LIQUID VAPOR
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Daltons Law
The total pressure of a confined mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures of each of the gasses in the mixture.
30 psig
40 psig
70 psig
Oxygen
Nitrogen
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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Density
Specific Gravity:
The density of a substance relative to the density of water. Water = 62 62 = 1.0 Wood = 38 62 = .6 (Floats) Iron = 480 62 = 7.7 (Sinks)
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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Specific Heat
Specific Heat (SH): The amount of heat (Btu) required to raise (or lower) 1 pound of a substance 1 F. SH of water = 1 SH of ice = .5 How much heat is needed to raise 1 lb. water 1 Q = W x SH x T Q =1lb. x 1 x 1 = 1Btu 1 Btu raises 1 lb. of water 1 F.
2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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2004 Refrigeration Training Services - R1 Subject 1 Temperature,Pressure & Heat Transfer v1.2
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