Introducing Wireless Organic Digital Audio: A Multichannel Streaming Audio Network Based On The Ieee 802.11 Standards

AES 44TH CONFERENCE Audio Networking, San Diego, CA, USA November 18-20,2011
INTRODUCING WIRELESS ORGANIC DIGITAL AUDIO: A MULTICHANNEL STREAMING AUDIO NETWORK BASED ON THE IEEE 802.11 STANDARDS
SEPPO NIKKIL1
1
ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy, Helsinki, Finland
sin@ant.fi
2011-11-19
Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy
Table of Contents
1. History Present, and Future of Sound Recording and Reproduction 1868 - 2011 2. Wireless Digital Audio Transmission Foundation and Techniques
3. Goals for Next Generation Wireless High Definition Multichannel Audio

4. Our Novel Approach to Wireless Streaming High Definition Multichannel Audio 5. Prototype System Implementation 6. Software Techniques for Streaming Multichannel Audio Transmission
7. Recent and Future Developments

8. Conclusions 9. Patents Biographical Note
2011-11-19
Milestones in Sound Recording and Reproduction Technology, Past and Present
Milestone 1
Thomas Alva Edison Phonograph Recorded sound 1868
Milestone 2
Emile Berliner Gramophone and disc record 1894
Milestone 3
Ted Wallerstein & William Savory Microgroove Long Playing vinyl record Hi-Fi Stereo Sound Electronic Amplification June 21, 1948
Milestone 4
Norio Ohga, Kees Schouhamer Immink Optical Compact Disc (CD) Digital Stereo (2 x 16 bit, 44.1 kS/s) October 1, 1982
2011-11-19
Milestones in Sound Recording and Reproduction Technology, Now
Milestone 5
Shuji Nakamura, Sylwester Porowski Blu-ray Disk Multichannel High Definition Audio April 2003, official release in June 2006.
2011-11-19
Dominant Sound Recording and Reproduction Technology Timeline
Blu-Ray
Compact Disk (CD) LP Microgroove Record
Gamophone Phonograph
1860
1880
1900
1920
1940
1960
1980
2000
2020
2011-11-19
Milestones in Sound Recording and Reproduction Technology
7.1 Pure Audio Blu-ray Disc, Lindberg Lyd (2L), Norway 2010
Morten Lindberg
Hybrid SACD + Pure Audio Blu-ray Two-disc-box at the price of one ordinary Blu-ray 7.1 SURROUND + 5.1 SURROUND + STEREO produced in DXD (Digital eXtreme Definition 352kHz/24bit) 2011-11-19 Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy
Milestones in Sound Recording and Reproduction Technology The worlds first music only Blu-ray disc is made in Norway
Blu-ray Exclusive High Definition Music video only for menu guide. - 2.0 LPCM 24BIT/192 kHz - 5.1 LPCM 24BIT/192 kHz - 5.1 DTS HD Master Audio 24BIT/192 kHz - 5.1 Dolby True HD 24BIT/192 kHz - 5.1 Dolby Digital 48kHz Sony's PlayStation3 is fully compatible with this disc Pure Audio Blu-ray format
2011-11-19
Comparison of Compact Disk (CD) and Blu-ray Organic Audio Surround Sound (BROSS)
BROSS performance > 4000 x CD
R, sample Rate 192 [kS/s]
96 48
1 8 CD 16 24 32
2011-11-19
C, number of Channels
BROSS BROS
A, sample Accuracy, [Bits]

3. Goals for Next Generation Wireless High Definition Multichannel Audio

Eight Fully Independent Digital Audio Channels Up to 24-bit Sample Size Up to 192 kHz Sampling Rate 24-bit Analog Electronics to prevent quality degradation in analog domain Playable with available consumer equipment Playing time of several hours Reliable and Robust Recording Medium Reliable and Robust Wireless Transmission Reasonable Cost Ease of Handling Lowest System Delay Low Jitter Good Interchannel Synchronization Compatibility with Existing Audio Sources and Loudspeakers
2011-11-19
T D H 0 0 0 0 1% ,0 0 0 0
A w b D to na dR q ire D n m sv . A d S m leS e llo a le is rtio n e u d y a ic s u io a p iz
S [d ] /N B 20 0 10 9
0 0 0 0 0% ,0 0 0 1
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2 7
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2011-11-19
10
P f r ac C p i o oV y o- o e ui O r toaAp i r eo n o asn f e Lw i A o p a n mfe r m e mr r Ns d e i l l s i

C m C r c r tc:> + 1 V up Vt g en< n/ q( z G > 1 M o o h at i i s = / 8 S l oae v 4 V r H, B = 0 H m n a es py l , st ) W z Ap a e r a t p af r kz1 V s p ao w 2 oma l a m s r yi l o1 H 0 r oe t n ih kh l d l r t e e c , m ri t o 2 B ,S = 3 d ( ih b qatzto ni en ue) 14 B ihuqai ao ni e 4 is / 18 B t 1 i u i a n o i c d , 4 d w ot u zt n o t N w t n i s l d t n i s Pcs r l t 21 bde r @K r e a a 00 ug a i e e t y 1U
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M u c rr a f t e nau
en / TD P f S p V t G v S N H e. u l r py o u B WPc FM FP Ap o s re o i o m sNe t [ Vq( z [ B [d] [ B [ /V [ r s [ h n/ r H] d] - B d] + ] V ] M] st ) m z [] $ t p t p t p t p m. t p t p y. y. y. y. a x y. y. et s . 0 819 , 8 5 1 5 , 118 1 5 , 118 2 4 , 719 2 5 , 510 0 5 , 918 1 5 , 117 2 4 , 918 0 510 , 8 6 3 4 , 519 0 6 , 910 16 4 16 3 16 3 10 3 10 3 10 2 10 2 14 1 9 6 9 3 9 3 16 4 16 3 16 3 10 3 10 3 10 2 10 2 14 1 9 6 9 3 9 3 1 8 2 0 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 2 0 2 2 2 2 1, 1 10 2 0 1 3 1 , 0 1, 9 8 3 7 0 15 , 7 1, 9 4 2 5 8 45 , 3 1, 2 5 2 0 5 1, 0 2 0 1, 2 5 2 0 5 20 , 0 1, 3 1 1 0 0 44 , 7 1, 6 1 1 4 0 1, 0 0 0 1, 0 2 1 5 0 53 , 4 1, 3 5 2 0 0 1, 0 4 0 1, 4 1 4 1 0 08 , 6 1, 0 7 3 4 0 20 , 9 1, 8 3 1, 6 0 9 , 4 1, 4 9 1, 3 0 5 , 7 3 , 2 4 , 1 0 , 4 1 , 0 0 , 5 1, 8 1 1, 4 8 1, 4 8 1, 2 9 1, 2 9 9 , 7 9 , 7 7 , 7 1 , 9 1 , 0 1 , 0 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 T e 4 i p f r ac r 2- t eo n u b r m e 2- i p f r ac 3 t eo n b r m e 2- i p f r ac 3 t eo n b r m e Q d ei e u d c a v V yo ni e e l wo r s
1 L E 90 M 99 4 2 O 11 P 61 A 3 O 21 P1 A 4 L E 70 M 94 4 5 L E 70 M 91 4 6A9 D7 7 7 A 57 D9 8 8A4 D5 7 9 L12 T 8 0 1 E 3A 0N 54 5 1 T1 1L1 5 1
Ni n S i odc r aoa e cnu o t l m t T a I su et e sn r m s x t n T a I su et e sn r m s x t n Ni n S i odc r aoa e cnu o t l m t Ni n S i odc r aoa e cnu o t l m t A l g ei e n o D cs a v A l g ei e n o D cs a v A l g ei e n o D cs a v L er eho g i aT nl y n c o My a n L er eho g i aT nl y n c o
Lw tni e oe o s s Re n ol er c n f e e y V yo ni e e l wo r s
2011-11-19
11
Requirements set to Analog Electronics by Different Resolutions

T D H 0 0 0 0 1% ,0 0 0 0
A w b D to na dR q ire D n m sv . A d S m leS e llo a le is rtio n e u d y a ic s u io a p iz
S [d ] /N B 20 0 10 9
0 0 0 0 0% ,0 0 0 1
10 8 10 7
0 0 0 1 0% ,0 0 0 0
10 6 10 5
LME49990
0 0 0 0 0% ,0 0 1 0 10 4
0 0 1 0 0% ,0 0 0 0
OPA1611, OPA211 AD797
10 3 10 2 10 1 10 0 9 0 8 0 3 2
0 0 0 0 0% ,0 1 0 0
LM1028
NE5534A
0 1 0 0 0% ,0 0 0 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 A d S m leS e[B ] u io a p iz its 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1
2011-11-19
12
R o T m e aueT e ml N is inR s t r o m e pr t r hr a o e e isos

Ad Bn u io a d N is V lt g [ V o e oaen]
A d B n T em l N is V lta e[n ] u io a d h r a o e o g V N is V lta eD n ity[n /s r H) o e o g es V qt( z]

N is a d o e n N nL e r y o - in a it L it f r 2 - it im o 4b A a gWr n lo ok @ o t =1 Vm Vu 0 r s
V lt g N is D n it oae o e esy [ V qt H ) n /s r ( z]
1 00 0 0 ,0
10 0 ,0
10 0 0 ,0
1 ,0 0
10 0 ,0
L E9 9 M4 9 0
1 ,0 1 ,0 0
1 ,0 1 1 0 10 0 R s t n e[ h ] e isa c o m 10 0 0
0 ,1 1 00 0 0
2011-11-19
13
2. Wireless Digital Audio Transmission Foundation and Techniques
Current Wireless Loudspeaker System Topologies IEEE 802.11 Communication Fundamentals IEEE 802.11 Addressing Alternatives
2011-11-19
14
WLAN Audio Configurations, point-to-point and multipoint systems
Point-to-point
Supportive multipoint
Full multipoint
Broadcast
2011-11-19
15
IEEE 802.11 Communication Services, Coordination Functions, and Channel Access
Contention-Free Communication Services Point Coordination Function (PCF) MAC Sublayer
QoS Communication Services Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF) Enhanced Distributed Controlled Channel Channel Access Access
Contention Communication Services
Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)
2011-11-19
16
IEEE 802.11 MAC Addressing, Individual, Group (Multicast), and Broadcast Addresses
Individual Address (0xxx...) MAC Sublayer Unicast Address (0xxx...) Station
Group Address (1xxx...) Multicast Address (1x...0...) Group Broadcast Address (1111...1) All
2011-11-19
17
Our Novel Approach to
Wireless
Streaming High Definition Multi-Cannel Audio
2011-11-19
18
Six Questions on Wireless Multichannel Streaming Audio

Why eight (8) channels? To support all existing common commercial formats, including surround 7.1
Why contention-free communication? It only guarantees the isochronous transfer.

Why 24 bit samples? To support over 130 dB dynamics and S/N.
Why not 32 bit samples? Because it is beyond the best human ear! And cannot be reasonably done with room temperature electronics
Why IEEE 802.11? Chips are readily available and affordable. A growing $5 billion market. Why multicast? It gives high efficiency, automatic synchronization, low system delay, and complete on-the-fly configuration flexibility.
2011-11-19
19
Isochronous, Contention-Free Audio Transmission Sequence

Foreshortened Contention-Free Period, Isochronous Audio data Traffic
WLAN data
Audio Block #1 Beacon Frame NAV condition set
...
Audio Block #12
WLAN data CF-End Frame (synchronization)
NAV condition reset Contention Period
Target Beacon Transmission Time CFMaxDuration
Contention-Free Repetition Interval 3 x 1024 s = 3072 s, three IEEE 802.11 Time Units (TU), may be foreshortened, as shown
2011-11-19
20
Transmitter Operation Buffer Recycling Algorithm

0 Time [ms] Audio In 1 2 3
Buffer Use
WLAN Out
Beacon
CF-End
NAV Receiver In Audio Out Contention mode

2011-11-19
Foreshortening Reserve
Contention Free mode
Contention mode 21
Flow Control and Jitter Smoothing Algorithm

Dominant Block Size is 49
Index Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples Samples in Buff 1 in Buff 2 in Buff 3 in Buff 4 in Buff 5 in Buff 6 in Buff 7 in Buff 8 in Buff 9 in Buff 10 in Buff 11 in Buff 12
Exception! 60th (#59) Buff 1 has50 Sample Records instead of 51
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 58 59 60 121 122 123 124
51 51 50 51 51 51 51 51 50 51 51 51 51 50 51 51 50 51 51
49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
Inner Repeating Sequence of 6 x 12
Outer Repeating Sequence of 125 x 12
Number of 8 x 32 Bit Sample Records in Consecutive Data Blocks
2011-11-19
22
Jitter Smoothing Results, 125 Packet Cycle

125 Sample Cycle, CF Repetition Interval = 3 TU Jitter [# of Samples] 1,2 Behind 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 -0,2 -0,4 -0,6 -0,8 Ahead -1,0 0 25 50 75 100 Index of Sample Packet 12-tuple
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5. Prototype System Design and Implementation
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Laboratory Sound Sources, Remote Control, and Transmitter Installations
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25
Laboratory Prototype Installation, Transmitter and Receivers
2011-11-19
26
Receiver Station Microcontroller Board and D/A Converter Board Connection
2011-11-19
27
BeagleBoard Microcontroller Board based on the TI OMAP3530 ARM Cortex A-8
Beagleboard Expansion Connector Pad Pattern 2 x 14 pads in the 0.1 raster
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28
ANT WiDiAuNet WAM-6 D/A Converter Board based on the TI (BB) PCM1792A
Beagleboard Expansion Pin Connector 2 x 14 pads in the 0.1 raster BeagleBoard and BB-DAC board are connected back-to-back with 4 spacers
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6. Software Techniques for Streaming Multichannel Audio

We believe in Open Source and Community Development and we chose the ARM architecture (ARM Cortex A8 with MMU and DSP) running the Linux Kernel and Open Source device drivers as the starting point of our development work. We also decided to only design and build our own hardware when proper commercial product was not available. The real-time requirements of isochronous transfer can properly only be met by implementing a deterministic Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol with IEEE 802.11 this can be done using the Contention-Free mode. WLAN drivers had to, of course, be upgraded to support it. Because our design is targeted to future fully embedded implementation Special Wireless Audio Algorithms to optimize the audio performance with the least hardware resources and memory footprint is our goal. The use of MPU, DSP, and several DMA channels is an attractive possibility.
2011-11-19
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Transmitter Buffer Recycling Algorithm

1
START
7
2011-11-19 Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy
31
Fast, Audio Specific Forward Error Concealment (iFEC)

Summary: Two modes of operation, 16-bit mode and 24-bit mode Specific Check Code generation and encoding for each mode Balancing in transmission Reception Good frames Balancing removal in reception Mode analysis in reception Decoding based on the determined mode Reception Bad frames Error indication from the WLAN driver on the flame level Mode analysis with errors on the sample level For good 16-bit or 24-bit mode result take the corresponding decoding For mode violation take the Cubic Predictive Estimation Make the Adaptive Slew Rate Limitation Error Logging and Indication
32
Fast, Audio Specific Forward Error Concealment (iFEC)

Audio Sample Encoding, Generation of FEC Byte for Transmission
Encoding:
1. Mode Selection If the sample value is < 215-1 (0x7FFF) and > -215 (0x8000) 16-bit encoding mode is used; else 24-bit encoding mode is used. 2. Alternative 16-bit and 24-bit Encodings: ?
b23:b16 b15:b8 b7:b0
Encoding:
Original 24-bit Audio Sample:
16-bit Encoding:
b15:b8
b15:b8
b7:b0
b7:b0
24-bit Encoding:
b23:b16
b23:b16
b15:b8
b7:b0
Bitwise inversion
33
Fast, Audio Specific Forward Error Concealment (iFEC), cont.
Encoding:
3. Balancing, encoded 32-bit word is XOR-ed with mask 0xAAAAAAAA. This makes the average amounts of 0 and 1 bits to approach equal and also hides the audio data from outsiders. 4. The 32-bit Data Word is now ready for transmission.
Encoding:
FEC Byte Analysis and 16-bit Mode Decoding in Reception
Decoding:
1. Balancing removal; received Data Word is X-ORed with 0xAAAAAAAA
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Decoding; 2. 16-bit, 24-bit, or error concealment mode selection D:
d31:d24 d23:d16 d15:d8 d7:d0
Exclusive-OR
x7:x0
If [x7:x0] == 0x00 take 16-bit Decoding (3), else if [x7:x0] == 0xFF take 24-bit Decoding (4), else do Cubic Predictive Estimation (CPE). Decoding: 3. 16-bit Decoding short E, F, G; int D; E = (short)D >> 8 & 0x00FF; F = ~(short)D & 0xFF; if (E ^ F == 0x00) return 0X00FFFFFF & (int)((short) (D >> 8 & 0xFFFF)); else use CPE.
2011-11-19
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FEC Byte Analysis and 24-bit Mode Decoding in Reception
Decoding:
Decoding;
1. Balancing removal; received Data Word is X-ORed with 0xAAAAAAAA

2. 16-bit, 24-bit, or error concealment mode selection D:
d31:d24 d23:d16 d15:d8 d7:d0
Exclusive-OR
x7:x0
Decoding:
If [x7:x0] == 0x00 take 16-bit Decoding (3), else if [x7:x0] == 0xFF take 24-bit Decoding (4), else do Cubic Predictive Estimation (CPE). 4. 24-bit Decoding return (D & 0x00FFFFFF);
2011-11-19
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Cubic Predictive Estimation (CPE) and Adaptive Slew Rate Limitation (ASRL) Used only when Frame Error condition is active
Frame_Error Condition
Frame Error Detector Sample Stream
Received Data
Cubic Predictive Estimator
Adaptive Slew Rate Limiter
Sample Level, Audio Specific Error Concealment
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Fast, Audio Specific Forward Error Concealment Algorithm (iFEC)
Cubic Predictive Estimation (CPE)

Starting point: Third order polynomial curve fitting: z(w) = aw3 + bw2 + cw + d, has two turning points Relation to Markov process (and chain): Fourth order discrete time, finite discrete state non-time-homogenous Markov process. Relation to Klmn filters: Generalized Klmn filter with four measurement memory.
Relation to Dempster-Shafer theory: DS-system with Audio Specific Belief function estimation.
38
Cubic Predictive Estimation (CPE)

= CA-1ZT , calculation of the next cubic extrapolation estimate
0 A= 1 8 27
0 1 4 9
0 1 2 3
1 1 , cubic estimation matrix, 1 1
C = [ 64 16 4 1], cubic coefficients vector, Z = [w0 w1 w2 w3], history vector; example [1000, 1500, 3000, 4000 ]. -1/6 1/2 -1/2 1/6 A-1 = 1 -5/2 2 -1/2 -11/6 3 -3/2 1/3 1 0 0 0 CA-1 = [ -1 4 -6 4 ]
= CA-1ZT = -w0 + 4w1 - 6w2 + 4w3; example 3000
One two's complementation, three integer multiplications, and three integer additions
39

Cubic Predictive Estimation (CPE) and Adaptive Slew Rate Limitation Extrapolated sample point z'(4) (green)
Sample value z(w[i]])
4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 1 2

Sample Index w[i]
Adaptive Slew Rate Limitation

Limitation is ONLY USED when FRAME_ERROR occurs. If the extrapolated value differs from the fourth sample point more than twice as much than the largest difference among the four extrapolation samples, limit the extrapolation to twice the largest difference (to the extrapolation direction).
40
Long-term Flow Balancing and Clock Drift Compensation

CF-End End-of-Frame Interrupt CF Audio Trigger Timer Expire Interrupt
Arm the CF Audio Trigger Timer Low Limit ?
Buffer tests
High Limit ?
Reprogram MPU PLLs for underspeed clocking
Return
Reprogram MPU PLLs for overspeed clocking
Return
Return Return
Return
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Transmitter Load Sharing between Microcontroller, DSP, and DMAs

Transmitter Software Set-Up Input Streaming Output Streaming
DMAs
MPU
Initialization
Linux Kernel
Control
Termination
System Management and Audio Controls
DSP
FAS-FEC Generator
Phase #1
2011-11-19
Phase #2
Phase #3
42
Receiver Load Sharing between Microcontroller, DSP, and DMAs

Receiver Software Set-Up Stationary Stage Input Streaming Output Streaming
DMAs
MPU
Initialization
Linux Kernel
Control
Termination
System Management and Audio Controls
DSP
FAS-FEC fix Channel Filter Phase #1 Phase #2 Phase #3
2011-11-19
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Transmitter Unit, Audio Data Memory Buffer Space Utilization

Buffer Usage [Bytes] 7 000 3TU point 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 0 1 000 2 000 3 000 Time [s] 4 000 5 000 6 000
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Recent and Near Future Developments

1. Freezing of Linux WLAN drivers, beacon optimization 2. Freezing of DAC Linux drivers (including switch bank and RGB LED) 3. 10 W / 25 W Class D Amplifier Module (DAM), done not tested 4. Class D amplifier based active loudspeaker prototype, under construction 5. Battery power to the Class D active speaker, under construction 6. New generation operational amplifiers utilization 7. HDMI Adapter Module (for audio) (HAM), HW done not tested 8. DisplayPort Interface Module (DIM) 9. Receiver station integration, one cubic inch, 10 design 10. Wireless Microphone Adapter Module (MAM), HW done - not tested 11. Fully Wireless Active Speaker with Inductive Charger (WAS) 12. HomePlug AV+ network implementation 13. Ultra low-noise LDO regulators addition to WAM analog power rails
2011-11-19
45
New Wireless Adapter Module and D-Class Amplifier Module

WAM-7 takes advantage of the new LME49990 to produce true 24-bit analog performance
DAM interfaces directly to the 10 Vrms output of WAM-7 and can be programmed to deliver 10 W or 25 W to the 4 load by the selection of source voltage (12 V or 24 V DC) and the feedback resistor
2011-11-19
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Steps to Fully Wireless Active Loudspeakers
Integrated Power & Signal 1. Passive Loudspeaker
Mains Power Wired Signal 2. Active Loudspeaker (Analog or Digital)
Mains Power Radio Signal
Battery Power Radio Signal 4. Battery Powered Wireless Loudspeaker
Wireless Power Radio Signal
3. Wireless Signal Loudspeaker
5. Fully Wireless Loudspeaker
2011-11-19
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Conclusions
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 5 GHz IEEE 802.11an with Contention-Free Mode is the right way for wireless audio Lowest data rate having enough capacity should be used to maximize sensitivity and range Multicast Group Addressing offers significant benefits and saves bandwidth Audio specific fast Forward Error Correction is essential for successful implementations 24-bit audio work is a real challenge for the analog electronics Modern DC/DC conversion technology and the rapid progress in battery chemistry make the battery powered, wireless active speakers an exiting near future opportunity 7. Wireless power transmission is currently under intensive development and would be the ideal partner for wireless digital audio transmission in multichannel audio systems 8. Effective Predictive Forward Error Consealment is very important 9. Low-cost, low-power processor is a key component for commercial implementations 10. More organic music material is very welcome 11. 50 GB and 100 GB Blu-Ray disks can improve the usefulness of the technology considerably
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Patents and Trademarks

(WO/2007/125175) METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS REAL-TIME TRANSMISSION OF MULTICHANNEL AUDIO OR VIDEO DATA
FINNISH NATIONAL PATENT FI 118914 B, 2008-04-03
FINNISH NATIONAL PATENT FI 119013, 2008-04-13
FINNISH NATIONAL PATENT FI 119014, 2008-04-13
WODA
49
Biographical Note
Seppo Ilmari Nikkil, M.Sc.EE, born 1949, graduated from Helsinki University of Technology mastering in Digital Electronics and Computer Science in 1975. In early 1970's he was pioneering the use of microprocessors in industrial control and in 1980 he lead a group that employed the emerging local area networking technology with microprocessors to design and implement an integrated process and production automation system now being used worldwide. In 1975 Mr. Nikkil cofounded Genelec Oy, a Finnish audio technology company specializing in active monitor loudspeakers. Since 1988 he has worked as the CEO for ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy and since 2003 especially with the wireless distribution and collection of realtime, streaming multichannel high definition audio. Mr. Nikkil is AES member number 83990 and the author of nearly one hundred scientific or technical papers or reports.
2011-11-19
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Introducing Wireless Organic Digital Audio: A Multichannel Streaming Audio Network Based On The Ieee 802.11 Standards

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Introducing Wireless Organic Digital Audio: A Multichannel Streaming Audio Network Based On The Ieee 802.11 Standards

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AES 44TH CONFERENCE Audio Networking, San Diego, CA, USA November 18-20,2011

ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy, Helsinki, Finland

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

3. Goals for Next Generation Wireless High Definition Multichannel Audio

7. Recent and Future Developments

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

Milestones in Sound Recording and Reproduction Technology, Past and Present

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

Milestones in Sound Recording and Reproduction Technology, Now

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

Dominant Sound Recording and Reproduction Technology Timeline

Compact Disk (CD) LP Microgroove Record

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

Milestones in Sound Recording and Reproduction Technology

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

A, sample Accuracy, [Bits]

3. Goals for Next Generation Wireless High Definition Multichannel Audio

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

A w b D to na dR q ire D n m sv . A d S m leS e llo a le is rtio n e u d y a ic s u io a p iz

2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 A d S m leS e[B ] u io a p iz its

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

P f r ac C p i o oV y o- o e ui O r toaAp i r eo n o asn f e Lw i A o p a n mfe r m e mr r Ns d e i l l s i

1 L E 90 M 99 4 2 O 11 P 61 A 3 O 21 P1 A 4 L E 70 M 94 4 5 L E 70 M 91 4 6A9 D7 7 7 A 57 D9 8 8A4 D5 7 9 L12 T 8 0 1 E 3A 0N 54 5 1 T1 1L1 5 1

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

Requirements set to Analog Electronics by Different Resolutions

A w b D to na dR q ire D n m sv . A d S m leS e llo a le is rtio n e u d y a ic s u io a p iz

OPA1611, OPA211 AD797

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

R o T m e aueT e ml N is inR s t r o m e pr t r hr a o e e isos

A d B n T em l N is V lta e[n ] u io a d h r a o e o g V N is V lta eD n ity[n /s r H) o e o g es V qt( z]

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

2. Wireless Digital Audio Transmission Foundation and Techniques

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

WLAN Audio Configurations, point-to-point and multipoint systems

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

IEEE 802.11 Communication Services, Coordination Functions, and Channel Access

Contention-Free Communication Services Point Coordination Function (PCF) MAC Sublayer

Contention Communication Services

Distributed Coordination Function (DCF)

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

Individual Address (0xxx...) MAC Sublayer Unicast Address (0xxx...) Station

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

Our Novel Approach to

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

Six Questions on Wireless Multichannel Streaming Audio

Why contention-free communication? It only guarantees the isochronous transfer.

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

Isochronous, Contention-Free Audio Transmission Sequence

Audio Block #1 Beacon Frame NAV condition set

Audio Block #12

WLAN data CF-End Frame (synchronization)

NAV condition reset Contention Period

Target Beacon Transmission Time CFMaxDuration

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

Transmitter Operation Buffer Recycling Algorithm

NAV Receiver In Audio Out Contention mode

Contention Free mode

Copyright 2011 ANT Advanced Network Technologies Oy

Flow Control and Jitter Smoothing Algorithm

Exception! 60th (#59) Buff 1 has50 Sample Records instead of 51

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 58 59 60 121 122 123 124

Inner Repeating Sequence of 6 x 12