HYBRID TECHNOLOGY AND DIFFERENT CONFIIGURATIONS USE IN VEHICLES

PRESENTED BY: 31014 LAC PERERA M M B

WHAT IS A HYBRID CAR

WHAT IS A HYBRID CAR

A hybrid car features a small fuel proficient gas engine that combined with an electric motor that supports the engine when accelerating. The electric motor is powered by the batteries that recharge automatically while you drive. Many people have not realized that they have owned a hybrid vehicle at some point. Indeed, hybrid automobiles are all around us and most of the hybrid cars on the road now are gasoline-electric hybrids. However, the hybrid car offers drivers an innovative, modern, efficient and affordable opportunity. Therefore, after year and year the new hybrid car has become a convenient choice for the consumers.

HISTORY

HISTORY
In 1769, the first steam powered motor carriage as built by Frenchman Micholas Cugnot. It was capable of moving six miles per hour. In 1839, Robert Anderson from Scotland builds the first electric vehicle 1899- In a merger between Pope Manufacturing Company and two smaller electric car companies, Electric 1913- Steamers and electrics are almost wiped out with the invention of the self-starter which made it easier for drivers to start gas engines. Sales of electric cars drop to 6,000 and the Ford Model T sells over 182,000 gasoline cars. Public Law 94-413, the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976 This law introduced by Congress to begin work with industries to improve batteries, motors, controllers, and other hybrid-electric components.

HYBRID CAR PERFORMANCE

HYBRID CAR PERFORMANCE

The difference between a conventional car engine and a hybrid-car engine are its engine size. Hybrid cars' engines are much smaller than a conventional car, but its able to perform almost the same performance a conventional car can. The efficiency in a small engine can be improved by using smaller, lighter parts, by reducing the number of cylinders and by operating the engine closer to its maximum load to equal to or if not better than what most cars uses a relatively big engine to produce enough power to accelerate the car quickly.

HOW DOES IT WORK

HOW DOES IT WORK

First off, a fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device. A fuel cell converts the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water, and in the process it produces electricity. Layers of materials with different electrochemical properties put together to form a single galvanic cell. In the middle lies a membrane that can only be crossed by charged molecules. Gas-permeable electrodes coated with a catalyst adhere to this membrane, adding a layer on either side.
This buildup of negative charge then follows the path of least resistance via the external circuit to the other electrode - (the cathode). It is this flow of electrons through a circuit that creates electricity. The latest wave of hybrid vehicles uses an electric motor coupled with a standard internal combustion gas engine.

HYBRID CARS
Some major cities such as New York and Seattle have proposed new bills that call for the institution of hybrid taxis.
Hybrid vehicles alternate their power source from the electric to the gasoline fueled engines. At a stopping point, the gas power turns off and the electric turns on. The initial propulsion of the car is electric, followed by gasoline. In New Jersey, owners of hybrid cars are allowed to use the HOV lane even if they are the only one in the car. Aviva auto insurance is offering a 10% discount to hybrid car owners. Ford, General Motors, Honda, Mazda, Mercury, Nissan, PSA (PeugeotCitren), Renault, and Toyota all offer (or are in production) of their own hybrid cars.

ADVANTAGES
Hybrids usually get between 30-50 mpg.

Tax credit from the government

Hybrid technology causes less wear and tear on the engine and brakes (resulting in less maintenance costs)

DISADVANTAGES
Hybrid computer systems (sometimes they will crash) are not perfect

Many drivers feel uncomfortable that the engine noticeably switches from gas to electric. Still unknown maintenance costs and average life of vehicles. The somewhat high initial cost of vehicle. Not much trunk space due to the large battery size.

WHAT IS THE GOOD IMPACT OF A HYBRID CAR

Smaller and more efficient engines Regenerative braking, which mean the electric motor that drives the hybrid can also slow down the car. When this approach, the electric motor acts as a generator and charges the batteries while the car is slowing down. Periodic Engine shut off, is when a hybrid car is stopped in traffic or a sudden stop, the engine will eventually shut off. Its restarts automatically when put back into gear. Advanced aerodynamic to reduce drag

Low-rolling resistance tires hybrid cars maintain narrow, stiffer tires that have less drag. Lightweight materials that will temporality increase the efficiency of hybrid cars.