CELLULAR TECHNOLOGIES

PHIL LOMBOY

1st GENERATION

The 1G period began in the late 1970s and lasted through the 1980s. These systems featured the first true mobile phone systems, known at first as "cellular mobile radio telephone." These networks used analog voice signaling, and were little more sophisticated than the repeater networks used by amateur radio operators.

2nd GENERATION

The 2G phase began in the 1990s and much of this technology is still in use. The 2G cell phone features digital voice encoding. Examples include CDMA and GSM. Since its inception, 2G technologies have steadily improved, with increased bandwidth, packet routing, and the introduction of multimedia.

3rd GENERATION

3G refers to the third generation of developments in wireless technology, especially mobile communications.

Capabilities and Features

Enhanced multimedia (voice, data, video, and remote control). Usability on all popular modes (cellular telephone, e-mail, paging, fax, videoconferencing, and Web browsing). Broad bandwidth and high speed (upwards of 2 Mbps). Roaming capability throughout Europe, Japan, and North America.

3G System Capabilities

Capability to support circuit and packet data at high bit rates:

144 kilobits/second or higher in high mobility (vehicular) traffic 384 kilobits/second for pedestrian traffic 2 Megabits/second or higher for indoor traffic

3G System Capabilities

Common billing/user profiles:

Sharing of usage/rate information between service providers Standardized call detail recording Standardized user profiles

3G System Capabilities

Support of multimedia services/capabilities:

Fixed and variable rate bit traffic Bandwidth on demand Asymmetric data rates in the forward and reverse links Multimedia mail store and forward Broadband access up to 2 Megabits/second

3G System Capabilities

Interoperability and roaming Capability to determine geographic position of mobiles and report it to both the network and the mobile terminal

UMTS

UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service) is a thirdgeneration (3G) broadband, packet-based transmission of text, digitized voice, video, and multimedia at data rates up to 2 megabits per second (Mbps).

UMTS

UMTS is based on the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication standard. UMTS also makes it possible to provide new services like alternative billing methods or calling plans. For instance, users can choose to pay-per-bit, pay-per-session, flat rate, or asymmetric bandwidth options. The higher bandwidth of UMTS also enables other new services like video conferencing or IPTV. UMTS may allow the Virtual Home Environment (VHE) to fully develop, where a roaming user can have the same services to either at home, in the office or in the field through a combination of transparent terrestrial and satellite connections.

UMTS

The electromagnetic radiation spectrum for UMTS has been identified as frequency bands 1885-2025 MHz for future IMT-2000 systems, and 1980-2010 MHz and 21702200 MHz for the satellite portion of UMTS systems.

CDMA

CDMA is a form of multiplexing, which allows numerous signals to occupy a single transmission channel, optimizing the use of available bandwidth.

CDMA

The technology is used in ultra-highfrequency (UHF) cellular telephone systems in the 800-MHz and 1.9-GHz bands.

CDMA

The original CDMA standard, also known as CDMA One and still common in cellular telephones in the U.S., offers a transmission speed of only up to 14.4 Kbps in its single channel form and up to 115 Kbps in an eightchannel form. CDMA2000 and wideband CDMA deliver data many times faster.

CDMA 2000

CDMA2000, also known as IMT-CDMA Multi-Carrier or 1xRTT, is a code-division multiple access (CDMA) version of the IMT-2000 standard developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The CDMA2000 standard is third-generation (3-G) mobile wireless technology. The world's first 3G commercial system was launched by SK Telecom (South Korea) in October 2000, using CDMA2000 1X.

CDMA 2000

CDMA2000 can support mobile data communications at speeds ranging from 144 Kbps to 2 Mbps. Versions have been developed by Ericsson and Qualcomm. As of March 2006, the CDMA Development Group reports more than 250,300,000 subscribers worldwide.

4th GENERATION

4G (also known as beyond 3G), an acronym for Fourth-Generation Communications System, is a term used to describe the next step in wireless communications.

4th GENERATION

A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and at higher data rates than previous generations.

4th GENERATION OBJECTIVES

A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bits/s/Hz/site) High network capacity: more simultaneous users per cell A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client physically moves at high speeds relative to the station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in relatively fixed positions as defined by the ITU-R

4th GENERATION OBJECTIVES

A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks, High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc)

4th GENERATION

The technologies which are being considered as pre-4G are the following: WiMax, WiBro, iBurst, 3GPP Long Term Evolution and 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband.

THANKS

PHIL LOMBOY