Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Infrastructure
Commercial facilities
Recreational facilities
Physical infrastructure Water Supply Water Requirements for institutional buildings Sewage Drainage
Electricity
Solid waste Disposal
Informal Distribution of Hierarchy of commercial Area of commercial Distribution of shops activities centres centres activities
Recreational facilities
Classification of Design standards Passenger car Design service Urban roads of Urban roads units volume roads
parking
Large cities
Metro cities
100-150
125-175
60-90
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Work Force:Work force participation Small and medium town Large cities 33% of total population 20 25 Industrial workers (%) of total work force
Land use Residential Commercial Industrial Public & Semi-public recreational Transport & commercial Ecological 50-55 2-3 3-4 8-10 15-18 5-6 8-10
Percentage of developed area Small towns Medium Towns 45-52 2-3 4-5 8-10 15-18 5-6 8-10 Large cities 45-50 4-5 5-7 12-15 16-20 6-8 8-10
INFRASTRUCTURE
Infrastructure is the basic requirement of urban life. The extent and the nature of problems faced by different towns vary by size, geographical conditions, local natural resources, etc.
20-25 lpcd
30-35 lpcd
SEWERAGE
The treatment of sewerage is essential to check the decay in the environment as well as to provide hygienic conditions for the population The sewerage is estimated at the rate of 80% of the water supply in any area. The newly developed areas shall be considered for the provision of community level septic tanks based on economic & environmental considerations. The squatter settlements may be provided with a facility of 1 toilet for 4 to 5 families based on the concept of low cost and low water consumption
DRAINAGE
The drainage system for any city/town is governed mainly by natural course and topography. The discharge is calculated that guides the requirements for provision of additional drain as well as upgradation of existing drains.
ELECTRICITY
According to Master plan of Delhi power supply consumption works out to be about 2 KW per household at the city level and includes domestic, commercial , industrial and other requirements. The provision of 1 electric sub station of 11 KV for a population of 15,000 is recommended for towns/ cities.
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Educational facilities:Pre-primary to Secondary Education
0.08 ha Pre primary, nursery school 1 for 2500 population Area for school Pre primary/ nursery school to be located near a park
Primary school (class I to V) Strength of the school Area per school School building area Play field area with a min of 18m X 36 m to be ensured for effective play
Senior secondary school (VI to XII) 1 for 7500 population Strength of the school Area per school School building area Play field area with a min of 68m X 126 m to be ensured for effective play
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Integrated school without hostel facility (Class I-XII) 1 for 90,000- 1 lakh population Strength of the school Area per school School building area Play field area Parking area Integrated school with hostel facility 1 for 90,000-100000 population Strength of the school Area per school School building area Play field area Parking area Residential hostel area
School for handicapped 1 for 45 000 pop Strength of the school Area per school School building area Play field area
Higher education
College
1 for 1.25 lakh population Student strength of the college Area per college College building area Play field area Residential including hostel area 1000- 1500 students 4 ha 1.80 ha 1.80 ha 0.40 ha
Technical education
University campus Area of the university campus New University Area
10 ha 60 ha
Technical Education centre (A) 1 such centre provided for every 10 lakh pop. Include 1 industrial training institute and 1 polytechnic Strength of the polytechnic Area per centre Area per ITI Area for polytechnic Technical centres( B) 1 provided for 10 lakh population to include 1 ITI 1 technical centre and 1 coaching centre Area per centre Area per technical centre Area for ITI & coaching centre
4 ha 2 ha 6 ha
200 beds 2.70 ha 1 ha 3.70 ha
c) Intermediate hospital ( Category-B) 1 hospital for 10 lakh population capacity 80 beds initially the provision may be for 50 including 20 maternity beds Area for hospital 0.60 ha Area for residential accommodation 0.40 ha Total area 1 ha
0.20 to 0.30 ha
e) Nursing home, child welfare and maternity centre 1 for 0.45 to 1 lakh population Capacity 25 to 30 beds area 0.20 to 0.30 ha
f) Dispensary 1 for 0.15 lakh population area
0.08 to 0.12 ha
Socio-Cultural facilities
a) Community room 1 for 5,000 population area 660 Sq..m 2000 sq.m 10,000 sq.m 1,000 sq.m 5000 sq.m 15 ha
Distribution services
a) Petrol pump One petrol pump for 150 ha of gross residential areas in residential zone One petrol pump for 40 ha of gross industrial area Two petrol pumps in each district centre One petrol pump in each community centre
b) Milk distribution One milk booth for 5,000 population. The standard recommended as per the Delhi Master Plan is adequate. c) LPG Godown One gas Godown for 40-50 thousand population is sufficient for any size of town. The major concern for its storage and distribution is the location which shall be away from the residential areas.
Police
Police station 1 for 90,000 population Area inclusive of essential residential accommodation 0.05 ha additional 1.5 ha to be provided for civil Defence and home guards Police post 1 for 0.4 to 0.5 lakh population Area inclusive of essential residential accommodation District office and battalion 1for 10 lakh population Area for district office area for battalion Total area Police line 1 for 20 lakh population District jail 1 for 10 lakh population - area
Fire
1. 2. 3. 1 fire station or sub fire station within 1 for 3 km to be provided for 2 lakh population Area for fire station with essential residential accommodation 1 ha Area for sub- fire-station with essential residential 0.60 ha accommodation
Commercial Activity
Hierarchy of an urban centres is a function of the hierarchy of planning units in an urban centre
Planning unit Housing cluster Sector Community district Sub-city city Population Served 1000-4000 5000-20000 25000-100000 125000-500000 25 lakh- 50 lakh 50 lakh + Hierarchy of commercial centre Cluster centre Sector centre Community centre District centre Sub- city centre City centre No. Of shops 1 for 110 persons 1 for 200 persons 1 for 200 persons 1 for 300 persons
Area /1000 persons sq.m. Cluster centre Sector centre Community centre District centre 220 300 500 880
district 1250
community 365
sector 55
cluster 24
General retail
Fruit & vegetables Service & Repairs Informal shops
1200
Not specified 50 370
295
40 30 110
35
6 13 22
16
3 5 13
General retail
355
88
14
activities
Hierarchy of commercial centre City & Sub centre District centre Community Sector centre centre Cluster centre
shopping
Limited wholesale Informal shopping Commercial offices cinema hotel Guest house Nursing home Service industries auditorium museum library
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activities
Hierarchy of commercial centre City & Sub centre District Community Sector centre centre centre Cluster centre
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5 to 6 units per 1000 employees 3-4 units per 10 formal shops 3-4 units per 100 beds 1 unit per two bus bays
Recreational Facilities
Planning unit Housing cluster Area in Sq.m per person 3-4 local parks and playgrounds
sector
community district Sub city centre
Miscellaneous Facilities
Cremation/ burial ground: Provision of at least 2 sites for 5 lakh population and to provide one electric crematorium for large size towns. Dhobi ghat:one site for 1 lakh population with appropriate arrangements for water and drainage facilities. Taxi stands/ bus stops/ Rickshaw stands: The taxi stands/bus stops shall be provided with the following considerations:
Telecommunication:
Communication- 10 lines per 100 population. Fire- one fire station for 2 lakh population within 1 to 3 km distance. Postal services- one post office for 10-15 thousand population.
Space Standards:
80 kph
60 kph 50 kph 30 kph Arterial Sub-Arterial Collector street Local street 50-60 m 30-40 m 20-30 m 10-20 m
Cross-Sectional Elements:
Description Single lane without kerbs 2-lane without kerbs 2- lane with kerbs 3-lane with/without kerbs 4-lane with/without kerbs 6-lane with/without kerbs Width 3.5 m 7m 7.5 m 10.5/11 m 14 m 21.0 m
2400
3600 4800 6000
1600
2400 3200 4000
2.0
2.5 3.0 4
Cycle tracks
The minimum width of cycle tracks should be 2m.each additional lane, where required should be 1 m. Separate cycle tracks should be provided when the peak cycle traffic is 400 or more on routes where motor traffic is 100-200 vehicles/hr. When number of motor vehicles using routes is more than 200 per hour, separate cycle tracks are justified even if cycle traffic is only 100 cycles per hour.
Width of cycle track Two lanes (m) One way 3 250-600 Capacity Two way 50-250
Three lanes
Four lanes
4
5
7600
250-600
>600
Slow Vehicles 1. Cycle 2. Cycle rickshaw 3. Tonga (horse drawn vehicle) 4. Hand cart
Collector
1400 900 2200
3000
3600 4800 5400
2400
2900 3800 4300
1800
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7200
Parking
Equivalent car space for different vehicles
Car/taxi Two wheeler Auto rickshaw Bicycle The minimum parking space requirements for each car and truck is : Car : 3m X 6m ( when individual parking space is required) 2.5m X 5m ( when community parking space is required) Truck : 3.75 m X 7.5m Residential 1. Detached, semi-detached and row houses 2. Plot area upto 100 Sq.m no private or community parking space 3. Plot area:101-200 sq.m only community parking space 4. Plot area:301-500 sq.m- minimum 1/3 of open area for parking 5. Plot area :501-1000 sq.m- minimum 1/4th of open area for parking 6. Plot area: 1001sq.m +- minimum 1/6of space area for parking 1 0.25 0.50 0.10
Flats :one space for every two flats of 50-90 q.m or more of floor area one space for every flat of 100 sq.m or more of floor area For all kinds of developments excepting residential, warehouses and Godown. One berth for initial 500-1500 sq.m of floor area. Additional berths at the rate of one for every subsequent 1000 sq.m or part thereof. 1. For warehouses and Godowns 2. Two berths for initial 500-1500m of floor area. Additional berths at the rate of one for every subsequent 500m or part of.
Type of parking
Idle parking Angular parallel
area/ vehicle
145 sq.m 76 sq. 104 sq.m
Use
Transport operators - office, godown, loading/unloading
Service industry - petrol pump, service area, weigh bridge, etc Public/semi-public - Police post, post office, telephone, first aid etc. Commercial Parking- idle, transits, other vehicles Open spaces Circulation Others
Percentage area
30
6
3 3 10 10 28 2
The space norms in kg/sq.mt for selected commodities as per central ware housing corporation is given below:
Commodity
Food grains Fruits and vegetables Hardware and building material Commercial & public/semi-public Utilities and services
Wt/area (kg/sq.)
1054 721 1024 5 3
Service industry
Parking Circulation others
4
12 25 6
% of area
35 8 2 5 3 4 12 25 6
1. 2.
The area required for a truck terminal should be reserved at the rate of one hectare per 300 tonnes of daily goods inflow into the complex. In case of integrated freight complex, the area should be one hectare per 400 tonnes of daily inflow into the complex
Around 1 million
1.5 million 3 million 6 million
35%
40% plus 50% plus 70% plus
9 million
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