Importance of Telecommunications In Modern World

INTRODUCTION
A growing importance of telecommunication was

discerned since the last three decades of 20th century for its ever-growing impact on productivity. It's an important economic factor that plays a key role in evaluating the economic growth. Telecommunication causes companies to use their input resources as much as possible in an effective way.

MEANING
Telecommunication is the transmission of

information over significant distances to communication. The communication has always been the crucial part of mankinds social life. The means of communication has changed according to the changes in peoples living conditions and all other circumstances such as technological developments. Without even taking a deep breath, we've transitioned from mail to email, from telephone to chat, from newspapers to blogs, and now to social networks.

HISTORY
Ancient Systems: The hydraulic semaphores, which worked with water filled vessels and visual signals, functioned as optical telegraphs. During the Middle Ages, chains of beacons were commonly used on hilltops as a means of relaying a signal.

CONTD
Systems since the middle age: In 1792, Claude Chappe, a French engineer, built the first fixed visual telegraphy system.However semaphore systems suffered from the need for skilled operators and the expensive towers at intervals of 1030 kilometers so it was not so successful.

ADVANTAGES
Quick and accessible communication

Saves time
Saves gasoline (do not have to drive distance) More than two people can communicate to one

another at the same time Easy to exchange ideas and information via phone and/or fax World Wide access Enable end users to communicate electronically and share hardware, software, and data resources

COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
The term "channel" has two different meanings. In

one meaning, a channel is the physical medium that carries a signal between the transmitter and the receiver. Another channel is called the "free space channel". The sending of radio waves from one place to another has nothing to do with the presence or absence of an atmosphere between the two.

Analog versus digital communications

Communications signals can be either by analog

signals or digital signals. There are analog communication systems and digital communication systems. For analog signal, the signal is varied continuously with respect to the information. In a digital signal, the information is encoded as a set of discrete values

SOCIETY AND TELECOMMUNICATION

Telecommunication has played a significant role in

social relationships The popularity of social networking sites has increased dramatically. In cultural terms, telecommunication has increased the public's ability to access to music and film. Telecommunication has also transformed the way people receive their news.

MODERN TELECOMMUNICATION
Telephone : Mobile phones have had a significant impact on telephone networks. Sales of mobile phones in 2005 totals 816.6 million. Mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes. Multiple SIM cards may also be used to take advantage of the benefits of different calling plans.

CONTD
The Internet: The Internet is a worldwide network of computers and computer networks that can communicate with each other using the Internet Protocol Any computer on the Internet has a unique IP address that can be used by other computers to route information to it. The Internet allows greater flexibility in working hours and location, especially with the spread of unmetered high-speed connections. Email, is an important communications service available on the Internet.

CONTD
LAN, WAN & MAN:

Local Area Networks (LAN) Connect computers & other information processing devices within a limited physical area. Connected via ordinary telephone wiring, coaxial cable, or wireless radio & infrared Systems.

Wide Area Networks (WAN) Cover a large geographic area.

Metropolitan Area Network(MAN) A MAN or Metropolitan Area Network is a network that covers a region, often a metropolitan area that is bigger than a Local Area Network and smaller than a Wide Area Network and consists of several interconnected LANs. This network often serves regional businesses that have several locations throughout the region or entire cities. With this configuration, a MAN often is then connected to larger WAN networks.

DISADVANTAGES
Remote areas do not have access

Remote areas may not be able to afford necessary

equipment Cannot see facial expressions, therefore leads to misunderstandings Cultural barriers Poor connections or downed power lines during/after storms Prank calls

ECONOMIC EFFECTS
Revenue and growth:
The total revenue in the telecom service sector was 86,720 cr

(US$17.6 billion) in 2005-06 as against 71,674 cr (US$14.5 billion) in 2004-2005. Telecommunication is the lifeline of the rapidly growing Information Technology industry. Internet subscriber base has risen to more than a 100 million in 2010.Out of this 11.47 million were broadband connections. More than a billion people use the Internet globally. It is difficult to ascertain fully the employment potential of the telecom sector but the enormity of the opportunities can be gauged from the fact that there were 3.7 million

Green IT
Green computing is broadly defined as the study and

practice of using computing resources efficiently. The primary objective of such a program is to account for the triple bottom-line. This is an expanded spectrum of values and criteria for measuring organizational and societal success with an aim to cut use of hazardous materials and maximize efficiency of product life while promoting recyclability. Thus, the key driver for SMBs embracing Green IT measures is cost savings.

Contd: Modern IT systems rely on a complicated mix of

people, networks and hardware. As such, a green computing initiative must be systemic in nature and address increasingly sophisticated problems. Elements of such a solution may comprise items such as end-user satisfaction, management restructuring, regulatory compliance, disposal of electronic waste, telecommuting, and virtualization of server resources, energy use, thin client solutions, and return on investment.

Green Initiatives
Key players such as HP and IBM have now begun to manufacture low

power consuming servers and PCs which utilize roughly 66 % of the power requirement of older systems. Blade servers, though still nascent in adoption, are technological breakthroughs in servers which provide the same computing power with much lower power utilization. Thin clients have quite a few advantages such as space-savings, easier to secure, and cost reductions due to lower IT management expenses, reduced energy consumption (a typical thin-client uses half the energy of a desktop) and more efficient use of computing resources. A basic power management technique on computers can result in substantial energy savings due to their sheer number in the market. Recycling is quite an under-leveraged technique for being green. Recycling in the business space can be achieved not just in paper usage, but also in how electronic waste is handled. Paper waste can be minimized by double-sided printing, reusing single side printed sheets of paper and other methods.