DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : A Rajeswara Rao
Designation : Head
Branch : Computer Engg
Institute : GMR Polytechnic, Karimnagar
Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject : Computer Architecture
Subject Code : CM-303
Topic : Arithmetic operations
Duration : 50 Mts
Sub. Topic : Basics of floating point addition / subtraction
Teaching Aids to be used : Ppts

CM303.30 1
 RECAP

In the previous class, you have learnt

• The steps for division of numbers in signed
magnitude representation

CM303.30 2
 Objective

On completion of this period , you would be able

to learn
• Normalization of floating point number.
• How to represent floating point number.
• How to perform add/subtraction operations and
floating point.

CM303.30 3
 Add/subtract operation
To perform add/ subtracting operation, the floating point
numbers need two registers one holding mantissa and the
other exponent
Eg.
The number 0.1011001X2-3 is represented using two
registers as

01011001 1011

Reg A Reg a

mantissa exponent

CM303.30 4
 Add/subtract operation
Contd..
Here Reg A is assumed to be 8 bit
And Reg a is assumed to be 4 bit

Mantissa+0.1011001 is represented in signed magnitude

form of 8 bits as
0.1011001

Exponent –3 (-112) is represented in signed magnitude form

of 4 bits as 1011

CM303.30 5
 Add/subtract operation
Contd..
Eg:
Similarly The number
-0.1010001X24 can be represented as

11010001 0100

Reg A Reg a

mantissa exponent

CM303.30 6
 Add/subtract operation
Contd..
Here Reg A is assumed to be 8 bit
And Reg a is assumed to be 4 bit

mantissa –0.1010001 is represented in signed

magnitude form of 8 bits as
1.1010001
Exponent +100 is represented in signed magnitude
form of 4 bits as 0100

CM303.30 7
 Add/subtract operation
Contd..
Normalization:
The representation of a floating point number is said
to be in normalized form if it is in the form of

b0.b1b2b3b4.. Ee0e1e2e3..
Where
b0 is sign bit of mantissa
b1=1
e0 is sign of exponent
e1e2e3e4.. Is magnitude of exponent
Add/subtracting operation

CM303.30 8
 Add/subtract operation
Contd..
Example:-

The number 0.001101X23 can be normalized to

0.1101X23-2=0.1101X21

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 Addition/subtract
Contd..

For two floating point numbers to be added their

mantissa must be aligned such that the
exponents become equal.

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 Addition/subtract
Contd..
Eg:
case 1: Exponents are equal
operand 1 0.1234
operand 2 0.2345*10-3
the sum is 0.9753*10-3
As
0.1234
0.2345
0.9753

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 Addition/subtract
Contd..
Eg:
case 2: Exponents are equal
operand 1
0.9234X10-3
operand 2 0.8345X10-3
the sum is 0.9753X10-3

operand2 has lower exponent

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 Addition/subtract
Contd..
Right shift its magnitude once and
increment its exponent by 1
We get
operand2 0.08345X103
the sum is 1.00685X103
0.92340
0.08345

1.00685
Which can be normalized as 0.100685X104

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 Addition/subtract
Contd..
Eg:
case 3:singns of operands are different
operand 1
0.1234X102
operand 2 - 0.2345X102
9’s complement of 0.2345 is 9.7654
add 1 1
10,s complement 9.7655

add to 0.1234 0.1234

9.7655
CM303.30
9.8889 14
 Addition/subtract

Contd..

Carry is not produced. Find 10’s complement

And add negative sign to get result
0.1110
+ 1
-0.1111
Hence the final result is –0.1111X102

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For binary numbers the same procedure is
followed

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 Summary

In this class , you have learnt …

• How to add/subtract floating point numbers

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 Quiz

• The normalized form of 0.000110101X24 is

• 0.110101X2
• 0.00110101X22
• 0.00110101X23
• 0.110101X24

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 Quiz

• The normalized form of 0.000110101X24 is

• 0.110101X2
• 0.00110101X22
• 0.00110101X23
• 0.110101X24

CM303.30 19
 Frequently asked questions
1. Perform addition between the numbers
i) 0.1010111E0110
0.1110101E0100
ii) 1.1011000E1001
0.1000111E1110

2. Perform subtraction between the numbers

ii) 1.1000101E1001
0.1100111E0001
iv) 1.1000011E0010
1.1100010E0001
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