DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : Swathi K.N
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Computer Engineering
Institute : Kamala Nehru Polytechnic For
Women, Hyd.
Year : I year
Subject : Computer Fundamentals and Office
Automation
Subject Code : CM-105
Topic : Fundamentals Of Computers
Duration : 100 minutes
Sub. Topic : Functions of memory
Teaching Aids : PPT, Images, Animation.
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 Objective:

On completion of this period, you would be able

to learn:

 Functions of memory.

Types of memory.

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 Recap

 Blocks in CPU
Control unit & Arithmetic and Logical Unit.

 Functions of CPU
Performs calculations, takes decisions, and
controls all the units.

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 Prerequisites:

What is a memory?
Memory is a device that stores computer’s data
& programs.

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 Memory hierarchies

Primary Secondary
Registers
Memory Memory

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 Memory (Contd..)

 A space to keep computer’s data.

 It stores program, data results or any kind of

information.

 Memory stores binary information i.e. 0’s and

1’s.

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 Memory (contd)

 Place where results get stored prior to the

output.
 Memory is measured in bytes
 One byte of memory is needed to store a
character.

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 Units of measure for computer memory

Unit Abbrevia- Approximate Actual Value

tion Value (Bytes) (Bytes)
Kilobyte KB 1,000 1,024

Megabyte MB 1,000,000 1,048,576

(1 million)
Gigabyte GB 1,000,000,000 1,073,741,824
(1 billion)
Terabyte TB 1,000,000,000,000 1,099,511,627,776
(1 trillion)
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 Types of memory
MEMORY

PRIMARY MEMORY SECONDARY MEMORY

(INTERNAL MEMORY) (EXTERNAL MEMORY)

CPU
MAGNETIC MAGNETIC OPTICAL
ON CHIP TAPE DISK
REGISTER DISK
CACHE

RAM ROM

DRAM SRAM PROM EPROM EEPROM

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 Random Access Memory (RAM)

 It is volatile memory i.e. temporary memory.

 Performs read and write operations.

 Usually hidden to users.

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 RAM (Contd..)

 It exists as a chip on the motherboard near the

CPU.

 RAM stores data and programs while they are

being used.

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Random Access Memory

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 Types of RAM

1. DRAM (Dynamic RAM)

2. SRAM (Static RAM)

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 Dynamic RAM

Dynamic RAM loses its stored information

in a very short time even though the power
supply is on.

Only one transistor is needed to form a

memory cell and result in high packing
density and moderate speed.

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 Dynamic RAM (Contd...)

 Consume less power.

 Used where large capacity of memory is

needed.

 Dynamic RAM being cheaper is used for main

memory.

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 Static RAM
 Static RAM retain stored information only as
long as power supply is on.

 Static RAMs are costlier and consume more

power.

 Static RAM being faster is used in cache

memory.

 Static RAMs hold information in flip-flop

consisting of two cross coupled inverters.
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 Read Only Memory (ROM)

 It is non volatile memory .i.e. permanent storage.

 Performs only read operations.

 Hidden to users.

 used to store routine & fixed programs, during the

booting process.

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 Types of ROM

1. PROM - (Programmable Read Only Memory)

2. EPROM - (Erasable Programmable Read Only

Memory)

3. EEPROM - (Electrically Erasable PROM)

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 Cache memory

 Placed between the CPU and the main memory.

 It increases the speed of the computer up to 15%.

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 Cache memory (contd)

 It is not accessible to users i.e. information

cannot be written into cache memory by users.

 It stores instructions and data which are to be

immediately executed.

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 Primary memory

 The storage is temporary.

 Data stored in it lost when power supply is cut

off.

 Storage capacity is limited.

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 Primary memory (contd)

 Known as Main Memory or Internal Memory

 It is a part of CPU.

 Used for storing a little volume of data at the

time of processing.

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 Secondary memory

The storage is permanent.

The data stored in it does not get erased when the

power is switched off.

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 Secondary memory (contd)

 Known as External Memory or Auxiliary Memory

 Storage capacity is unlimited.

 Used to store large volumes of data permanently

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 Secondary Memory - Examples

 Magnetic tape

 Magnetic disk

 Optical disk

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 Summary:

In this class, we have learnt about

 Functions of memory.

Types of memory used in computers.

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 Questions

 Explain the types of memory devices used?

 List the differences between RAM & ROM.

 Explain the functions of memory?

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 Quiz:
1. Is RAM a volatile memory?
a. Yes
b. No
Answer: a

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 Quiz:

2. ROM is a
a. Volatile
b. Non-volatile
c. both a & c
Answer: b

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 Quiz:

3. The data stored in memory is in

a. Decimal form
b. Hexadecimal form
c. Binary form
d. Octal form
Answer: c

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