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Unit 5: Research report meaning significance different steps in writing report layout of report types of report - mechanics of writing a research report precautions for writing research report.
SIGNIFICANCE
The findings are made known to others. Writing of report is the last step in a research
study and requires a set of skills some what different from those called for in respect of the earlier stages of research.
The
task should be accomplished by the researcher with utmost care; he or she may seek the assistance and guidance of experts for the purpose.
CONTD
contd
The general opinion in favour of treating the
presentation of research results or the writing of report as part and parcel of the research project. Research report is considered a major component of the research study for the research task remains incomplete till that has been presented and or written.
STEPS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Logical analysis of a subject matter Preparation of the final outline Preparation of the rough draft Rewriting and polishing of the rough draft Preparation of the final bibliography
a. logically: - Made on the basis of mental conditions. - Association between the one thing and another means of analysis. - Consist in developing the material from the simple possible to the most complex structures. b. chronologically: - Based on the connection or sequence in time or occurrence. - The directions for doing are making something
Outlines are the framework upon which long written works are constructed. They are an aid to the logical organisation of the material and a reminder of the points to be stressed in the report.
of his research study - He or she will write down the procedure adopted by him in collecting the material for his study along with various limitations faced by him or her, - The technique of analysis adopted by him or her, - The broad findings and generalizations and the various suggestions he wants to offer regarding the problem concerned
rough draft - While doing this, one should check the report for weakness in presentation. - In addition the researcher should give due attention to the fact that in his draft he has been consistent or not. - He or she should check the mechanics of writing
- grammar, spelling, and usage
report, is a list of books inn some way pertinent to the research which has been done. - It should contain all those works which the researcher has consulted. - Arranged in alphabetical order.
style and in simple language, Avoiding vague expressions. Avoid abstract terminology and technical jargon. Research report should not be dull. Must be remembered that every report should be an attempt to solve some intellectual problem.
2. Main text a. Introduction b. Statement of findings and recommendations c. Results d. Implications of the results e. Summary
3.
End matter
1. Preliminary pages
The report should carry a title and date, followed by acknowledgements in the form of preface or forward. Then there should be a table of contents followed by list of tables and illustrations
2. Main text
a. Introduction:
- Contain a clear statement of the objectives of research - A brief summary of other relevant research may also be stated so that the present study can be seen in that context. - The hypothesis study, if any, and the definitions of the major concepts employed in the study should be explicitly stated in the introduction of the report.
c. Results
A detailed presentation of the findings of the study, with supporting data in the form of tables and charts together with a validation of results, is the next step in writing the main text of the report. All the results should be presented in logical sequence and spitted into readily identifiable sections.
e. Summary
It has become a customary to conclude the research report with a very brief summary, resting in brief the research problem, the methodology, the major findings and the major conclusions drawn from the research results.
3. End matter
At the end of the report, appendices should be enlisted in respect of all technical data such as questionnaires sample information mathematical derivations bibliography
TYPES OF REPORT
1. Technical report a. Summary of results b. Nature of the study c. Methods employed d. Data e. Analysis of data and presentation of findings f. Conclusions g. Bibliography h. Technical appendices i. Index
contd
1. Popular report a. The findings and their implications b. Recommendations for action c. Objective of the study d. Methods employed e. Results f. Technical appendices
.contd
iv.
v. vi. vii.
Regarding periodicals reference Regarding anthological and collections reference Regarding second-hand quotations reference Case of multiple authorship
7.
8.
9. 10.
11.
Punctuation and abbreviations in footnotes Use of statistics, charts and graphs The final draft Bibliography Preparation of the index
5. Pagination
Example: John gassner, Masters of drama, New York: Dover publications, Inc. 1954, 14th edition, p. 315.
4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Long enough to cover the subject but short enough to maintain interest. It should not dull. Abstract terminology and technical jargon should be avoided in a research report. Avoid vague expressions. The report must provide a ready availability of the findings. The layout should be well with the research problem. Free from grammatical mistakes. Show originality Must be attractive
THANK YOU
with care
nagoor