Blood and Cardiovascular System

Hematopoiesis (Blood Formation)

Blood Component
Erythrocyt e
Solid Component

Leukocy te

Blood

Thrombocy te

Liquid Component

Plasma

Erithrocyte
Also

called as Red Blood Cells (RBCs) RBCs shape are biconcave disk and they have no nucleus material (the nucleus is extruded) and their color are red RBCs have iron-containing compound that names hemoglobin Main function of RBC is to transport oxygen to whole tissues of body They live till 120 days Concentration of RBCs is normally 4-6 million cells/mm3

Leukocyte
Also

called as White Blood Cells (WBCs) They have function such as to protect bodies from invasion by pathogens, to aid in healing process, to remove debris from injury tissue They can move through our blood vessel and body tissues. This process is called diapedesis WBCs are divided into 2 groups.

Granulocytes
They

have granules in the cytoplasm Granulocytes are consist of 3 types of cells. They are Neutrophil, Basophil, and Eosinophil Neutrophyls are highly phagocytic and active when there are inflammation or injury Basophils produce histamin and heparin

Agranulocytes
They

have no granules in the cytoplasm Agranulocytes are divided int 2 types of cells. They are monocytes and lymphocytes Monocytes will form macrophages in tissue of body. Macrophages will be phagocytic cells Lymphocytes is differentiated into 2 types B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. Both types of cells

Thrombocyte
Also

Called as Platelets Their shape are like discus and they have no nucleus material Platelets have important role in blood clotting mechanisms (hemostatis) Concentration of platelets is normally 150-400 thousands of cells /mm3 They live till 8-10 days

Plasma
Plasma

is liquid portion of blood when blood cells are suspended It is composed of 92% water, plasma proteins, nutrients, gases, salts, hormones, and waste materials If fibrinogen and clotting element are removed from plasma, the plasma will be serum Plasmas functions are to carry nutrients, waste materials, gases, to regulate osmosis pressure of blood

Cardiovascular System
Arteries Vessel Veins

Cardiovascular system

Heart

Heart
Heart

is an organ that pumps blood to entire body by closed vascular system It is covered by membrane than names pericardium It is composed of three layers. They are endocardium, miocardium, and epicardium Heart is divided into 4 chambers. They are left and right atriums (upper chambers) and left and

Atriums

collect blood from veins and ventricles pump blood to arteries Between right atrium and left atrium there is tricuspid valve to prevent backflow Between left atrium and left ventricle there is bicuspid valve Heart gets nutrients and oxygen from coronary arteries

Arteries
Arteries

flow blood from heart to whole tissues of body The walls of arteries are strong and flexible. The walls consist of 3 layers such as tunica intima, tunica media and tunica externa Surge of blood in arteries is affected by pressure. It causes pulse of arteries

Aorta

is the largest artery, it will branch smaller into artery. Artery will branch smaller into arteriole. Arteriole will branch into capillary Pulmonary artery is artery that flows deoxygenized blood from heart to lungs

Veins
Veins

carry blood from entire tissues of body to heart The walls of veins are thin and inelastic Blood flows in veins by peristaltic movement Valves are found in veins. They prevent backflow of blood

Vena

cava is the largest vein. It will branch smaller into vein. Vein will branch smaller into venule. Venule is formed by capillary Pulmonary vein is vein that flows oxygenized blood from lungs to heart

Blood Circulation
Systemic circulation Blood Circulation Pulmonary Circulation

Systemic Circulation
Left ventricle Arteries Body Tissues Arterioles Venules Cava Aorta

Capillaries

Veins

Vena

Right Atrium

Pulmonary Circulation
Right Ventricle Arteries Pulmonary veins Left Atrium Pulmonary

Lungs

Pathology
AIDS

(Acquired Immune Deficiency System) Leukemia Anemia Hemophilia Coronary Artery Disease Varicose Veins (Varices and Hemorrhoids) Arteriosclerosis