Basic Digital Logic 2

Combinational Logic

Created for the Western Canadian Robotics Society

Paul Godin
godinp@telusplanet.net
February 2004

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Basic Digital Logic 2

Review

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Review
◊ Digital Electronics makes use of 2
states:
◊ Logic High, or “1”
◊ Logic Low, or “0”

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Review
◊ There are 3 basic digital gates:

◊ AND

◊ OR

◊ NOT

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Review

AND, where ALL inputs must be “1”

for the output to be “1”

OR, where ANY of the inputs can be “1”

for the output to be “1”

NOT (or the Inverter) where the

output is the opposite
(compliment) of the input.

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Review Questions
What is the outcome of the following:

1 1
0

1 1
0 1

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Basic Digital Logic 2

Basic Combinational Logic, NAND

and NOR gates

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Combinational Logic
◊ A circuit that utilizes more that 1
logic function has Combinational
Logic.

◊ As an example, if a circuit has an

AND gate connected to an Inverter
gate, this circuit has combinational
logic.

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Combinational logic
◊ How would your describe the output
of this combinational logic circuit?

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NAND Gate
◊ The NAND gate is the combination
of an NOT gate with an AND gate.

The Bubble in front of the gate is an inverter.

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Combinational logic
◊ How would your describe the output
of this combinational logic circuit?

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NOR gate
◊ The NOR gate is the combination of
the NOT gate with the OR gate.

The Bubble in front of the gate is an inverter.

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NAND and NOR gates
◊ The NAND and NOR gates are very
popular as they can be connected in
more ways that the simple AND and
OR gates.

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Exercise 1 – a bit challenging
Complete the Truth Table for the NAND and NOR Gates

NAND NOR
Input Output Input Output
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1
Hint: Think of the AND and OR truth tables. The outputs for the NAND and NOR are inverted.

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Exercise 2 – more challenging

◊ Turn the NAND and NOR gates into

inverter (NOT) gates. Include a
switch for the input.

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Basic Digital Logic 2

Chips and Gates

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Basic Digital Chips
◊ Digital Electronics devices are
usually in a chip format.
◊ The chip is identified with a part
number or a model number.
◊ A standard series starts with
numbers 74, 4, or 14.
◊ 7404 is an inverter
◊ 7408 is an AND
◊ 7432 is an OR
◊ 4011B is a NAND

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Chips
◊ Basic logic chips
Pin 14 Pin 8
often come in 14-pin
packages.
◊ Package sizes and
styles vary.
◊ Pin 1 is indicated
with a dot or half-
circle
◊ Numbers are read
counter-clockwise
from pin 1 (viewed Pin 1 Pin 7
from the top)

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Chips
◊ Chips require a Pin 14 Pin 8
voltage to function

◊ Vcc is equal to 5
volts and is typically
pin 14

◊ Ground is typically
pin 7
Pin 1 Pin 7

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Chips – Specification Sheet
Voltage

The voltage and

ground pins must be
connected for the
device to function.
Check the specification
sheet to make sure.

Ground

Diagram from http://www.onsemi.com

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Chips – Specification Sheet

Diagrams from http://www.onsemi.com

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Wiring a chip
IN

Vcc IN

OUT

Vcc Probe

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Useful Resources
◊ Textbooks on Digital Electronics (used is ok!)
◊ Electronics Workbench or other electronic simulation
software
◊ Craig Maynard’s Virtual Vulcan
◊ The following web sites:
◊ http://learnat.sait.ab.ca/ict/digi240_godin/default.htm
◊ http://learnat.sait.ab.ca/ict/cmph200/Default.htm
◊ http://learnat.sait.ab.ca/ict/cmph200_godin/default.htm

◊ http://focus.ti.com/docs/logic/logichomepage.jhtml
◊ http://www.onsemi.com
◊ http://www.national.com/

◊ http://www.play-hookey.com/digital/
◊ http://www.crhc.uiuc.edu/~drburke/databookshelf.html
◊ http://www.digikey.ca/

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Lab Exercise
◊ Using the experimenter’s boards,
connect the circuit provided to you
in the following pages.

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Layout of the SK-10
Experimenter's Board

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Layout of the SK-10
Experimenter's Board

Flat Side

7400

Wires

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Logic Diagram of Lab

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End of Basic Digital Logic 2

Copyright WCRS and Paul Godin

For non-profit use only
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