DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : B.Venkateshwara Rao.
Designation : Lecturer in ECE.
Branch : ECE.
Institute : S.S.GPT,ZHB, Medak Dist.
Year/Semester : III Semester.
Subject : Electronics I.
Subject Code : EE-305.
Topic : power supplies.
Duration : 1 Hr 40 Minutes.
Sub-Topic : Filters.
Teaching Aids : Diagrams.

EE305.32&33 1
 Objectives :
Upon completion of this period the student will be
able to know

1. Need for filter

3. Different types of filters and their working.

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Recap :
• The efficiency of half wave rectifier is 40.6%.
• The efficiency of full wave rectifier is 81.2%.
• Ripple factor of half wave rectifier is 1.21.
• Ripple factor of full wave rectifier is 0.48.
• Peak inverse voltage of half wave rectifier is Vm.
• Peak inverse voltage of centre tapped full wave rectifier
is 2Vm.

• Peak inverse voltage of full wave bridge rectifier is Vm.

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 Need for filters :
• All electronic circuits require D.C supply.

• The output of the rectifier is not pure D.C (pulsating).

• Pulsating is the combination of A.C and D.C.

• Filter is a device which removes the A.C component and

allows D.C to the load.

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 Filters

• Filter circuit consists of either inductor (L) or capacitor (C)

or both.

• A capacitor allows part of A.C signals, but blocks D.C

signals.

• An inductor passes D.C signals, but opposes A.C signals.

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 Types of filters :

• Capacitor filter

• Choke input filter

• Capacitor input filter or π-filter

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Capacitor Filter

input Filter Circuit

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output
Working of Capacitor filter

• Capacitor (C) is placed across output in parallel with load

RL.

• A capacitor offers low reactance to A.C singles. Hence

A.C singles bypass through capacitor ‘C’.

• A capacitor offers high reactance to D.C, hence D.C

signals reach the load.

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Advantages of Capacitor Filter

• The capacitor filter circuit is extremely popular because

of its

– Low cost

– Small size

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CHOKE INPUT FILTER :

input Filter Circuit

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output
Working of Choke input Filter
• Choke input filters circuit consists of a choke ‘L’ and
capacitor ‘C’.

• Choke L is connected in series with the rectifier output.

• Filter capacitor C is connected across the load.

• To reduce the pulsations more effectively, more number

of filter sections are required.

• The pulsating output of the rectifier is applied across the

terminals 1 and 2 of the circuit.
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• The pulsating signals is the combination of A.C and D.C
components.

• The choke offers high opposition to the A.C component,

but negligible opposition to the D.C component.

• The choke passes only D.C component to the load.

• At terminal 3 of the circuit D.C component and the

remaining part of A.C component which does not passed
through the choke is available.

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• The filters capacitor connected at terminal 3 of the circuit
by-passes the A.C component and prevents A.C
component to flow through it.

• Therefore only D.C component reaches the load.

• We can observe the pure D.C that is available at the

output in the circuit

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Capacitor input filter or π-filter

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Working of π-filter

• It consists of a filter capacitor C1 connected across the

rectifier output.

• A choke ‘L’ is connected in series with C2.

• Another filter capacitor C2 connected across the load.

• The pulsating signal from the rectifier output is applied

across the input terminals of the filters.

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• The filters capacitor C1 offers low reactance to A.C
component of rectifier.

• It offers infinite reactance to D.C components.

• Capacitor C1 by-passes only A.C components.

• Part of A.C component which is not by-passed by C1 and

D.C component reaches to choke ‘L’.

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• The choke ‘L’ offers high reactance to A.C component and
prevents pass through it.

• Allows to pass only D.C component through choke ‘L’.

• The part of A.C components passed through choke ‘L’ and

D.C component reaches to filters capacitor C2.

• The filter capacitor C2 by passes the A.C component which

the choke has failed to block.

• Therefore only D.C component appears across the load.

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 Advantages

• It supplies pure D.C signals to the load.

• It will reduce hum in electronic circuit.

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 QUIZ :

1. A 10V power supply would use _______as filter

capacitor

c) Paper capacitor

e) mica capacitor

g) air capacitor

i) electrolytic capacitor

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1. A 1000V power supply would use ________as filter
capacitor

c) Paper capacitor

e) mica capacitor

g) air capacitor

i) electrolytic capacitor

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3 The ______filter circuit results in the best voltage
regulation.

c) Choke input

e) capacitor input

g) resistance input

i) none of the above

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 Frequently asked questions

• Why is capacitor input filter preferred to choke input

filter ?

• Describe the action of the following filter

• i) Capacitor filter

• ii) Capacitor input filter

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