DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : K.Chandra Sekhar
Designation : Associate Lecturer
Branch : DCCP
Institute : Central Institute of Commerce,Tarnaka,
Hyd.
Year/Semester : V Semester
Subject : Relational Database Management System
Subject Code : CCP-505
Topic : Know the components of SQL
Duration : 50 Minutes
Sub-Topic : Explain the commands with syntax
Teaching Aids : PPT,Animation, Photographs
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 OBJECTIVES

On Completion of this period, you would be

able to know :
• Various Commands covered under DCL of SQL.

• Purpose of DCL Commands.

• Syntax and their brief explanation

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RECAP
 Components of SQL
 Various commands of DDL
 Various commands of DML
 Usage of SELECT command

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Data control language (DCL)
 How data control is done?
 After definition and manipulation of data using DDL
& DML
 Controlling of data
 Saving or cancelling the changes
 User privilege commands

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DCL commands
 COMMIT
 SAVE POINT
 ROLL BACK
 GRANT
 REVOKE

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Transaction

 What is transaction?
 Is a logical unit of work
 Changes made to the data base
 Transaction changes can be made permanent

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 COMMIT
To end a transaction

Make “permanent changes” in the table .

This Command erases all save-points in the transaction and

releases the transaction’s locks.

Syntax

SQL> COMMIT [ work ];

Saves work up to the point till commit is given

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 SAVEPOINT
Used in conjunction with rollback command to rollback
portions of the current transaction.

Useful in interactive programs, because one can create and

name intermediate steps of a program.

This allows more control over more complex program.

 Syntax

SQL> SAVEPOINT save point_ id;

 Save point_id is any valid character string

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 What is ROLLBACK?
ROLLBACK Command “undoes” work done in the current
transaction.

Syntax

SQL> ROLLBACK [ work ] [ TO ]

[ SAVE POINT ] [ savepoint_id];

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Privilege commands
 What are privilege commands?
 Why are they termed as privilege commands?
 How are they useful?
 Owner of database objects has the Sole authority
over them
 Owner can only allow other users to access
as per his / her discretion

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Privilege commands (contd..)

 Permission to use database may be given only

to selected users
 Sharing of data can be possible
 Once granted can be revoked(taken back) by
owner only

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Grant command

 Grant command is used to grant privileges

 Allows to view or modify table or all permissions
 Syntax
 SQL>grant privileges on <object name> to < username>
 Displays message “ grant succeeded ”

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Revoke commands
 Used to withdraw GRANT permission privilege
 Only user can REVOKE
 Once REVOKED, user can RE GRANT permission
 Syntax
 SQL>Revoke privileges on <object-name>
from <username>;
 Displays message “ revoke succeeded”

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 Summary :
COMMIT is to end a transaction and make “permanent
all changes”

ROLLBACK Command “undoes” work done in the

current transaction
Save point is used in conjunction with rollback command
to rollback portions of the current transaction.

SAVEPOINT allows more control over more complex

programs

GRANT & REVOKE privilege commands

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Quiz

1. Create permission can be given by any user of database

(Yes / No)
 Yes
 No

Answer is : No

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Frequently asked questions
1. Explain GRANT & REVOKE commands
2. Explain COMMIT, ROLL BACK, SAVE POINT
commands
3. Explain DCL commands

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Assignment
1. Apply DCL commands on vendor_ master data

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