DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : K.S.Sandhya Vani
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : DCCP
Institution : SRRS GPT, SIRCILLA, KNR(Dist)
Year/ semester : I - Year
Subject : Computer Fundamentals
Subject Code : CCP-105
Topic : Understand the Role of computers
Duration : 50 Minutes
Sub topic : HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
Teaching aids : PPT, Animations & Images

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Figure 1
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Objectives:

On completion of this period, you would be

able to :

 Know what is Computer

 History and Evolution of Computers

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What is a Computer?

The word COMPUTER came from the word

“COMPUTE” which means “to Calculate”

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 P U
C
VDU

MO
US
K E Y B OA R D E

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PARTS OF COMPUTER
Basic Components
 The system unit
 The monitor
 The key board
 The floppy disk drive
 The hard disk drive

Optional
 Mouse
 Printer
 Scanner

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History and Evolution of Computers

 Necessity is the mother of invention

 The earliest device that qualifies as a computer is the

ABACUS

 This permits the users to represent numbers and do

simple calculations like addition and subtraction

 Invented around 600 B.C and still used in China and

Japan
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ABACUS

 This is an ancient computing device

 It has a wooden frame holding wires on which beads are
stung
 To show a number, you pull down the beads so that each
rod represents a digit

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Manual calculating device was invented by
John Napier
 It was called Napier’s bones
 Used in 17th and 18th centuries

First mechanical adding machine

 Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642

Second machine
 More effective calculator , produced by Gottfried
Leibnitz in 1694 which performed multiplication and
division
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Father Of Modern Digital Computers

 IN 1822, CHARLES BABBAGE

A Professor of mathematics at Cambridge University

 Devised a machine called

“ Difference Engine” for the Royal Society

 Analytical Engine – recognized as the milestone signifying

the start of the computer age

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Definition:
 It is an electronic device
 It receives and stores a large volume of data in the
form of symbols and digits
 Processes the data at a high speed
 Outputs the results with a preselected degree of
accuracy

DATA
OPERATIONS
OR RESULT
CALCULATIONS
PROGRAM
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Computer process

INPUT OUTPUT
(a set of PROCESSES (a desired
rawData) information)

Figure 3:showing computer processing

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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
 GENERATION:-
 Change or improvement in the technology

 To distinguish between varying hardware and

software technologies

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FIRST GENERATION(1946 -1960)
 Use of Vaccum tubes
 Limited storage capacity
 Slow speed
 Symbolic language programming Huge size
 Problems of over heating

VACCUM TUBES
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SECOND GENERATION (1960 – 1965)

 Use of transistors and diodes

TRANSISTOR
 Increased storage capacity

 Faster speed

 Reduction in size and heat generation

 High level programming language

(COBOL, FORTRAN)

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THIRD GENERATION (1965 – 1970)

 Use of integrated circuits INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

 More flexibility with input/output

 Smaller size & better performance

 Extensive use of high level programming

 Remote processing and time sharing

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FOURTH GENERATION (1985 Onwards)

 Use of large scale and very large scale integrated circuits

 Increased storage

 Considerably faster & smaller

 Modular design versatility & compatibility

 Sophisticated programs & languages for special applications

  Increased use of microcomputers (PCs)

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FIFTH GENERATION (1971 – 1985)

 Very large Scale integrating (VLSI) gave rise to

Microprocessor chip

 One chip smaller than the size of a single nail may replace
thousands & thousands of components like transistors,
capacitors and resistors.

 This technology gave birth to micro computers

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 SUMMARY

 Definition:

 It is an electronic machine

 Stores large volume of data

 Processes at a high speed

 Outputs accurate result

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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
 FIRST GENERATION(1946 -1960)

 SECOND GENERATION (1960 – 1965)

 THIRD GENERATION (1965 – 1970)

 FIFTH GENERATION (1971 – 1985)

 FOURTH GENERATION ( 1985 On wards)

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 Comparision between the Generations of
Computers
1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation 4th Generation
Computers Computers Computers Computers
Use of Vaccum tubes Use of transistors and Use of integrated Use of large scale and
diodes circuits very lard scale
integrated circuits

Limited storage Increased storage More flexibility with Increased storage

capacity capacity input/output
Slow speed Faster speed Smaller size & better Considerably faster &
performance smaller
Symboliclanguage Reduction in size and Extensive use of high Modular design
programming Huge size heat generation level programming versatility &
languages compatibility
Problems of over High level Remote processing and Sophisticated programs
heating programming language time sharing & languages for special
(COBOL,FORTRAN) applications
 Increased use of
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QUIZ

 The first mechanical adding machine was invented by

 (a) john napier

 (b) charles babbage

 (c) gottfried leibnitz

 (d) Blaise pascal

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Father of modern digital computers:

 (a) Blaise pascal

 (b) John napier
 (c) Charles Babbage
 (d)None of the above

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 MATCH THE FOLLOWING
 (a) 1st Generation computer  1. Transistors
 (b) 2nd generation computer
 2. Large Scale Integrated(LSI)
 (c) 3rd generation computer
 3 Vaccum tubes
 (d) 4th generation computer
 4. Integrated chips (Ics)

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

2. What is a Computer?

4. Explain how the computers are classified according to

Generations?

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CCP105.1 26