SMART GRID

What a smart grid is Smart grids increase the connectivity, automation and coordination between these suppliers, consumers and networks that perform either long distance transmission or local distribution tasks. An electrical grid is not a single entity but an aggregate of multiple networksMaster subtitle style generation companies Click to edit and multiple power with multiple operators employing varying levels of communication and coordination, most of which is automatically controlled in Smart grid.

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Driving Forces of Change in Electric Power

Rising Greenhouse Gas Emissions (CO2) have the potential to seriously impact the environment and local economies. Power Outages wreak havoc and cost billions of rupees in lost productivity and revenue. Security Threats are constant to the electric infrastructure. The physical and cyber security risks, from terrorists and hackers continue to grow exponentially. Example: In USA spies had planted bugs and hacking software which was intended for later use Innovative Technology holds significant promise as a game changer. Innovation is pervasive across the electricity value chain (from smart appliances to advanced energy storage technologies). Evolving Standards hold the key to the pace of development. Technical interoperability will be vital to ease of use, adoption rates, cyber security and avoiding stranded costs. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing these standards in conjunction with the GridWise Architecture Council (GWAC) in USA.

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Tom Oh, Rochester

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ELETRICAL SYSTEM

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

SMART GRID

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Smart grid functions a modern smart grid must: Be able to heal itself Motivate consumers to actively participate in operations of the grid Resist attack Provide higher quality power that will save money wasted from outages Accommodate all generation and storage options Enable electricity markets to flourish Run more efficiently Enable higher penetration of intermittent power generation sources

Self-healing

Using real-time information from embedded sensors and automated controls to anticipate, detect, and respond to system problems, a smart grid can automatically avoid or mitigate power outages, power quality problems, and service disruptions

Consumer participation

5/2/12 A smart grid is, in essence, an attempt to require consumers to change their

Proponents assert that the real-time, two-way communications available in a smart grid will enable consumers to be compensated for their efforts to save energy and to sell energy back to the grid through net-metering. By enabling distributed generation resources like residential solar panels, wind mill.

Resist attack

Smart grid technologies better identify and respond to man-made or natural disruptions. Real-time information enables grid operators to isolate affected areas and redirect power flows around damaged facilities.

High quality power

Outages and power quality issues cost crores of rupees on average each year.[33] It is asserted that assuring more stable power provided by smart grid technologies will reduce downtime and prevent such high losses, but the reliability of complex systems is very difficult to analyze and guarantee.

Enable high penetration of intermittent generation sources

Climate change and environmental concerns will increase the amount of renewable energy resources. These are for the most part intermittent in nature. Smart Grid technologies will enable power systems to operate with larger amounts of such energy resources since they enable both the suppliers and consumers to compensate for such intermittency.

Features

Existing and planned implementations of smart grids provide a wide range of 5/2/12 features to perform the required functions.

Demand response support Demand response support allows generators and loads to interact in an automated fashion in real time,

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Smart Grid Benefits

Economic Development

New Jobs: The manufacture, installation, operation and maintenance of the smart grid and its components will create new jobs within the state. Innovation: Smart grid innovation will enable the growth of business while rewarding customers with valuable new products.

Lower Costs: Costs rise over time and energy is no exception, but the smart grid 5/2/12 Tom Oh, Rochester should provide less costly

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Customer Satisfaction
Higher Customer Satisfaction: The combination of lower costs, improved reliability and better customer control will raise satisfaction among all types of customers (residential, commercial, industrial, institutional).

Improved Reliability: Smart grid will reduce and shorten outages and improve the quality of power.

Shorter Outages: The incorporation of advanced sensors and measurement (PMU), communication networks and smart systems will allow an unprecedented degree of system visibility and situational awareness of the electric power system. Smart grid will result in shorter outages through its islanding and self-healing features.

Customer Energy/Cost Savings: As pricing becomes more transparent and is aligned with the underlying economics of generation and distribution, customers decisions to save money will benefit society as well

Highest Security: Security will be incorporated into the design of the smart grid and will require the implementation of practices and procedures by individual stakeholders. In this way, the physical and cyber security risks can be managed to the highest standards possible. 5/2/12

Technology

Integrated communications

Some communications are up to date, but are not uniform because they have been developed in an incremental fashion and not fully integrated. In most cases, data is being collected via modem rather than direct network connection. Areas for improvement include: substation automation, demand response, distribution automation, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), energy management systems, wireless mesh networks and other technologies, power-line carrier communications, and fiber-optics. Integrated communications will allow for real-time control, information and data exchange to optimize system reliability, asset utilization, and security.

Sensing and measurement Core duties are evaluating congestion and grid stability, monitoring equipment health, energy theft prevention, and control strategies support. Technologies include: advanced microprocessor meters ( smart meter) and meter reading equipment, wide-area monitoring systems, dynamic line rating (typically based on online readings by Distributed temperature sensing combined with Real time thermal rating (RTTR) systems), electromagnetic signature measurement/analysis, time-of-use and real-time pricing tools, advanced switches and cables, backscatter radio technology, and Digital protective relays. 5/2/12

A smart meter is usually an electrical meter that records consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less and communicates that information at least daily back to the utility for monitoring and billing purposes.[7] Smart meters enable two-way communication between the meter and the central system. Unlike home energy monitors, smart meters can gather data for remote reporting. Such an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) differs from traditional automatic meter reading (AMR) in that it enables two-way communications with the meter.

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Phasor measurement units

High speed sensors called PMUs distributed throughout their network can be used to monitor power quality and in some cases respond automatically to them. A wide-area measurement system (WAMS) is a network of PMUS that can provide real-time monitoring on a regional and national scale. Many in the power systems engineering community believe that the Northeast blackout of 2003 would have been contained to a much smaller area if a wide area phasor measurement network was in place

Advanced components

Innovations in superconductivity, fault tolerance, storage, power Advanced control electronics, and diagnostics components are changing fundamental abilities and Power system grids. characteristics of automation enables rapid diagnosis of and precise solutions to specific grid disruptions or outages. Three technology categories for advanced control methods are: distributed intelligent agents (control systems), analytical tools (software algorithms and high-speed computers), and operational applications (SCADA, substation automation, demand response, etc.). Using artificial intelligence programming techniques, Fujian power grid in China created a wide area protection system that is rapidly able to accurately calculate a control strategy and execute it.[38]

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A Smarter Grid for India India has recently experienced an impressive rate of growth as its government implements reforms to encourage foreign investment and improve conditions for its 1.1B citizens. However, with its electrical grid, India loses money for every unit of electricity sold. Because India is home to one of the weakest electric grids in the world, the opportunities for building the Smart Grid are great. Why India needs a Smarter Grid With such enormous deficiencies in basic infrastructure, why would India want to consider investing in smart grid technologies? Ultimately for India to continue along its path of aggressive economic growth, it needs to build a modern, intelligent grid. It is only with a reliable, financially secure Smart Grid that India can provide a stable environment for investments in electric infrastructure, a prerequisite to fixing the fundamental problems with the grid. Without this, India will not be able to keep pace with the growing electricity needs of its cornerstone industries, and will fail to create an environment for growth of its high tech and telecommunications sectors,also an average of 26% loss, in some states as high as 62%, including energy theft total loss is above 50%.The financial loss is 5/2/12

estimated 1.5% of national

Recent development

Pilot Project in Northern Region Intelligent Monitoring & Control of the Interconnected Electric Power Grid Using Wide Area Measurements (WAM) for Western Region
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PMUs (Phasor Measurement Units ) with GPS system to be installed at four substations of Northern Region and PDC at NRLDC, Delhi. (PMU Locations: Moga- 400 KV, Kanpur- 400 KV S/s, Vindhyachal- HVDC, Dadri- HVDC )

To use Phasor Measurements data for better situational awareness and technology evaluation using minimal hardware & software

Use of existing fibre communication link

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Intelligent Monitoring & Control of the Interconnected Electric Power Grid Using Wide Area Measurements (WAMs) for Western Region The Project is approved by CSIR & Funded by CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) under New Millennium India Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI) Along with POWERGRID other members of the consortium are:TCS-Leader IIT Mumbai Tata Power Company Limited (Tata Power)

THANK YOU!!
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