Documenti di Didattica
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Presented by:Under the guidance of:Prof. Shiv Kr. Belli (Dept. of F. M.S.)
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Anjani Kr. Singh Beauty Sinha Chanchal Sadh Haqiqat Ali Kushagra Jain
psychological deficiency or need that activates a behavior or a drive that is aimed at a goal or incentive.
NEED
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DRIVES
INCENTIVE
Need Created by physiological or psychological deficiency or imbalance. Ex. Quest food, water, companions. Drives Provides an energizing thrust and direction to any deficiency. Ex. Hunger, thirst, affiliation. Incentives Alleviate a need, reduces a drive, restores the balance. 3 Ex. Getting food, water and friend.
Importance of Motivation
A motivated employee generally is more
has been its employees motivation who are both capable of using and are willing to use the advanced technology to reach the goals.
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CONTENT THEORIES of
MOTIVATION
Content theories of motivation focus on
the content of the motivator. These theories of motivation attempt to identify what things motivate people. All of the theories depend on the individuals perception of what is a valued motivator. Abraham Maslow, David McClelland and Frederick Herzberg gave three most widely
HIERARCHY of NEEDS
Self actualization Esteem needs Social needs
Safety needs
Physiological needs
HIERARCHY of NEEDS
Framed by A. Maslow, a U.S. humanistic
psychologist. Basic concept: Only unsatisfied needs act as motivators. Different human needs have different levels
of importance. Once a given level of need is satisfied, it no longer serves to motivate instead a next higher level is activated. Further up the hierarchy the person will go, the more individuality, humanness and
1. Psychological Needs
A chronically hungry person will never
strive to compose music or build a brave new world, his first quest is something that he can eat. Physical survival- basic, powerful and obvious need. Ex. Food, drink, oxygen, sleep, sex and other sensory stimulations. Organizational context- salary, basic working conditions.
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2. Safety Need
Readily observed in infants and young
children because of their relative helplessness and dependence on adults. In organizational context- job security, increase in salary, safe working conditions, the acquisition of insurance and owning ones own house are regarded as safety seeking. Religious and philosophical belief systempeople want to be safe in their ways of expression too.
3. Social Needs
Belonging and love need. longing for affectionate relationship with
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others. being loved and accepted instrumental to healthy feelings of worth. Otherwise feel futility, emptiness and hostility. compatible work group, peer acceptance, professional friendship, friendly supervision.
Person needs to know he is worthwhile and capable of mastering tasks and challenges in life.
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desire to live up to ones full potential. Desire to become everything that one is capable of. Transformation of self perception into reality. Maslow conspired its as highest level of needs. Practically its distinctive and its never fully satisfied as its the human tendency
accountants and engineers. The theory revolves around the two basic factors associated with job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction. 1. Hygiene factor-(Work behavior) 2. Motivation factor-(Job Satisfaction) 13
Hygiene factor
According to hygiene factors are source
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of job dissatisfaction , job context or work setting. The most surprising factor of this theory is salary. Therefore , improving a hygiene factor, such as working conditions, will not make people satisfied with their work ; it will only prevent them from being dissatisfied.
Motivator factor
These factors are related to job content
and performance. Factors like sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement and growth increases the job satisfaction. The technique of enrichment was suggested as way of building satisfiers into job content.
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Policies Quality of Supervision Working Condition Base Wage Or Salary Relationships With Dissatisfaction 16 Subordinates
Responsibility
Advancement Growth Appreciation
Satisfaction
E.R.G. Theory
A modification of Maslow's need hierarchy was
proposed by Clay Alderfer. Proposed three primary categories of human needs. Existence : The basic physiological needs ( hunger and thirst ) and protection from physical danger. Relatedness : Social and affiliation needs and the need for respect and positive regard from others. 17 Growth : The need to develop and realize
precedence among the three needs. All may be activated at same time. The relative drive of motivation depends upon the persons background or cultural environment. Ex. The natives of spain and japan place social need before the psychological needs.
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A comparative study
HERZBERG
Motivation Factor
MASLOW
Self-actualization
Esteem(self) Esteem(others) Social Safety(others) Safety(material)
ALDERFER
Growth
Hygiene Factors
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Relatedness
Physiological
Existence
1.
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Drive satisfaction from achieving goals. They really want is success and positive feedback, avoids both the low-risk and highrisk situations. Prefer to work alone rather than in a team Ex. A sales personal with challanging quota to earn bonus.
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