APA Documentation:

A Power Point Presentation

Brought to you by Dr. P. Bernaschina & S. Verrette

Why Do I Need to Document?

Shows your reader where to find
the information in your paper

Shows your reader that you have

done your research and that authorities support your ideas

Shows your reader that you are

giving credit for ideas that are not your own and you are avoiding plagiarism

What Is Plagiarism?
Using any material or any ideas
that did not come from your own mind Not giving credit to the person whose ideas you used

What Will Happen If I Dont Cite?

Plagiarism is serious! Even if you plagiarize without meaning to, you face these consequences:

Failing your paper Failing your course Facing public embarrassment Facing suspension or expulsion

What Do I Need To Do?

Proper documentation requires two steps:

In-text citation Reference page

When Should I Use In-Text Citations?

When you use ANY material in your paper that is not your own, you must:

Summarize:
Tell only the main facts and ideas of a source in your own words Paraphrase: Change an authors words into your own Quote: Use an authors exact words in quotation marks

How Do I Cite Summaries and Paraphrases?

Include the authors last name and
the year of publication.
McKay (1982) favors the use of authentic texts with L2 learners but argues that the literature presented should be relevant in some way to the students.
The use of authentic texts with L2 learners should be relevant in some way to the students (McKay, 1982).

How Do I Cite Quotations?

Short Quotations: Include the authors last name, year of publication and page number
The first thing to keep in mind as you write your first draft is the method for citing your sources (Meriwether, 1997, p.63). According to Meriwether (1997), The first thing to keep in mind as you write your first draft is the method for citing your sources (p.63).

More on In-Text Citations:

More than one author:
(Verrette & Bernaschina, 1998) More than one author with the same last name: (J. Moore, 1999); (G. Moore, 2000) Two or more sources: (Verrette, 1995; Bernaschina, 1997; Berg, 1999) Six or more authors: (Moore et al, 1995)

No author: (Surviving College, 1998) Group Author (eg. corporations, government agencies, etc.) (International Business Machines [IBM],1995) Secondary source According to Schumann (as cited in Ellis, 1994), second language acquisition is just one aspect of acculturation... (p. 230). Web Site: (http://www.ku.edu.tr) E-mail: (J. Moore, personal communication, May 19, 2000)

Number Style

Each reference indicated by single number Single number keyed to full list on reference page Number enclosed in parentheses or bracket

Example of Number Style

The study of certain operations or rational languages leads to the consideration of pseudovarieties generated by power semigroups or power monoids (11, 16, 12). The case of monoids has been treated successfully by Margolis and Pin (9).

Reference Page

Authors name Title of document (article, thesis, book, etc. Title of book or journal (in which you find it) - Volume number - Date of publication - (large volume) Page numbers

References: Examples

Article (journal, or magazine) Gajdusek, L. (1988). Toward wider use of literature in ESL: Why and how. TESOL Quarterly, 22 (2), 227-257. Article (newspaper) Frantz, D. (2000, October 8). Two continents, three days. New York Times, E12.

Article (no author) Easier ways to learn the new tricks: Creative partnerships bring training and education to adult learners. (1995, September). TechTrends, 40 (4), p. 10-11

Book
One author Krashen, S. (1993). Power of reading. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, Inc. More than one author Lincoln, Y.S. & Guba, E.G. (1985) Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

Edited book Hynds, S. (1990) Talking life and literature. In S. Hynds & D. Rubin (Ed.). Perspectives on talk and learning (163177). Urbana, IL: NCTE Forum Series.

Electronic References

Article (journal) Nunn, R. (2001). A holistic classroom activity The class survey. The Internet TESL Journal, VII, (4), Retrieved April 8, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://iteslj.org/Techniques/NunnSurveys.html Database Angle, R. & Neimark, J. (1997). Natures clones. Psychology Today, 30 (4), pp. 36 +. Retrieved February 14, 2000, from EBSCO database (Masterfile) on the World Wide Web: http://www.ebsco.com

CD-ROM Rosenberg, Victor. Computers. Retreved from The New Grolier Electronic Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Danbury, CT: Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc., 1996.

World Wide Web Towell, R. (n.a.) Research assessment exercise (RAE) and CALL. Retrieved April 13, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.linguanet.org.uk/research/resf or2/towell.htm

References Angle, R. & Neimark, J. (1997). Natures clones. Psychology Today, 30 (4), pp. 36 +. Retrieved February 14, 2000, from EBSCO database (Masterfile) on the World Wide Web: http://www.ebsco.com Easier ways to learn the new tricks: Creative partnerships bring training and education to adult learners. (1995, September). TechTrends, 40 (4), p. 10-11 Frantz, D. (2000, October 8). Two continents, three days. New York Times, E12. Gajdusek, L. (1988). Toward wider use of literature in ESL: Why and how. TESOL Quarterly, 22 (2), 227-257. Nunn, R. (2001). A holistic classroom activity The class survey. The Internet TESL Journal, VII, (4), Retrieved April 8, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Nunn-Surveys.html Towell, R. (n.a.) Research assessment exercise (RAE) and CALL. Retrieved April 13, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.linguanet.org.uk/research/resfor2/towell.

References: Number Style

1. Angle, R. & Neimark, J. (1997). Natures clones. Psychology Today, 30 (4),

pp. 36 +. Retrieved February 14, 2000, from EBSCO database (Masterfile) on the World Wide Web: http://www.ebsco.com 2. Easier ways to learn the new tricks: Creative partnerships bring training and education to adult learners. (1995, September). TechTrends, 40 (4), p. 10-11 3. Frantz, D. (2000, October 8). Two continents, three days. New York Times, E12. 4. Gajdusek, L. (1988). Toward wider use of literature in ESL: Why and how. TESOL Quarterly, 22 (2), 227-257. 5. Nunn, R. (2001). A holistic classroom activity The class survey. The Internet TESL Journal, VII, (4), Retrieved April 8, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Nunn-Surveys.html 6. Towell, R. (n.a.) Research assessment exercise (RAE) and CALL. Retrieved April 13, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.linguanet.org.uk/research/resfor2/towell.

References: Number Style 1. Nunn, R. (2001). A holistic classroom activity The class survey. The Internet TESL Journal, VII, (4), Retrieved April 8, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Nunn-Surveys.html 2. Angle, R. & Neimark, J. (1997). Natures clones. Psychology Today, 30 (4), pp. 36 +. Retrieved February 14, 2000, from EBSCO database (Masterfile) on the World Wide Web: http://www.ebsco.com 3. Towell, R. (n.a.) Research assessment exercise (RAE) and CALL. Retrieved April 13, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.linguanet.org.uk/research/resfor2/towell 4. Easier ways to learn the new tricks: Creative partnerships bring training and education to adult learners. (1995, September). TechTrends, 40 (4), p. 10-11 5. Gajdusek, L. (1988). Toward wider use of literature in ESL: Why and how. TESOL Quarterly, 22 (2), 227-257. 6. Frantz, D. (2000, October 8). Two continents, three days. New York Times, E12. .