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By the end of the lesson I will be able to: 1) Understand the process of electrolysis.
2) Explain how we can use electrolysis to extract aluminium from its ore.
Anode
Cathode Anion
Cation
Electrolysis
Positive ion
Negative ion
What is electrolysis?
Electric current is used to breakdown a substance made up of ions An electrolyte is the name for the substance being broken down
CATHODE
The metal goes to the cathode and the non metal goes to the anode.
Na+ Na+ ClNa+
ClNa+
Cl-
Cl-
+
positive electrode (anode)
negative electrode
(cathode)
Zn+
Cl-
Zn+
Zn+
ClZn+ ClClZn+ Cl-
The positively charged zinc ions are attracted to the negative electrode
ClZn+ Cl-
Zn+
The negatively charged chloride ions are attracted to the positive electrode
Zn+ + Zn Zn+Zn+
ClClClCl-
Zn+ Cl-
True or False
Electrolysis is the splitting of a substance using electricity. The anode is negative. Anions are negative Aluminium oxide is found in bauxite. Cathode is negative. Cations are negative.
At the electrodes
The ions become atoms by either gaining or losing electrons.
Zinc ions need to gain electrons Zn2+ + 2 e- Zn Chloride ions need to lose electrons. (Chlorine gas (Cl2) is formed so we need 2 ions):
2 Cl- Cl2 + 2 e-
Predict the product at each electrode, write the ion electron equations and show the overall reaction taking place.
Answers
1. Copper (II) Chloride
Anode -
Answers
1. Copper (II) Chloride
Anode - Chlorine gas Cl2
Answers
1. Copper (II) Chloride
Anode - Chlorine gas Cl2 2 Cl- Cl2 + 2e-
Answers
1. Copper (II) Chloride
Anode - Chlorine gas Cl2 2 Cl- Cl2 + 2eCathode
Answers
1. Copper (II) Chloride
Anode - Chlorine gas Cl2 2 Cl- Cl2 + 2eCathode Copper metal Cu
Answers
1. Copper (II) Chloride
Anode - Chlorine gas Cl2 2 Cl- Cl2 + 2eCathode Copper metal Cu Cu2+ + 2e- Cu
Answers
1. Copper (II) Chloride
Anode - Chlorine gas Cl2 2 Cl- Cl2 + 2eCathode Copper metal Cu Cu2+ + 2e- Cu Overall
Answers
1. Copper (II) Chloride
Anode - Chlorine gas Cl2 2 Cl- Cl2 + 2eCathode Copper metal Cu Cu2+ + 2e- Cu Overall CuCl2 Cu + Cl2
Answers
2. Nickel (II) Bromide
Anode -
Answers
2. Nickel (II) Bromide
Anode - Bromine Br2
Answers
2. Nickel (II) Bromide
Anode - Bromine Br2 2 Br- Br2 + 2e-
Answers
2. Nickel (II) Bromide
Anode - Bromine Br2 2 Br- Br2 + 2eCathode
Answers
2. Nickel (II) Bromide
Anode - Bromine Br2 2 Br- Br2 + 2eCathode Nickel metal Ni
Answers
2. Nickel (II) Bromide
Anode - Bromine Br2 2 Br- Br2 + 2eCathode Nickel metal Ni Ni2+
- Ni + 2e
Answers
2. Nickel (II) Bromide
Anode - Bromine Br2 2 Br- Br2 + 2eCathode Nickel metal Ni Overall Ni2+
- Ni + 2e
Answers
2. Nickel (II) Bromide
Anode - Bromine Br2 2 Br- Br2 + 2eCathode Nickel metal Ni Overall NiBr2 Ni + Br2 Ni2+
- Ni + 2e
Answers
3. Zinc (II) Iodide
Anode -
Answers
3. Zinc (II) Iodide
Anode - Iodine I2
Answers
3. Zinc (II) Iodide
Anode - Iodine I2 2I- I2 + 2e-
Answers
3. Zinc (II) Iodide
Anode - Iodine I2 Cathode 2I- I2 + 2e-
Answers
3. Zinc (II) Iodide
Anode - Iodine I2 2I- I2 + 2e-
Answers
3. Zinc (II) Iodide
Anode - Iodine I2 2I- I2 + 2eZn2+
- Zn + 2e
Answers
3. Zinc (II) Iodide
Anode - Iodine I2 2I- I2 + 2eZn2+
- Zn + 2e
Answers
3. Zinc (II) Iodide
Anode - Iodine I2 2I- I2 + 2eZn2+
- Zn + 2e
Compound
Sodium Bromide Potassium Iodide
Anode
Cathode
Calcium Fluoride
Magnesium Oxide Lithium Chloride
O.I.L.R.I.G.
Oxidation is loss of electrons Reduction is gain of electrons
Cathode
Anode
Cathode Negative Positive ions attracted REDUCTION happens here ( positive ions gain electrons)
Anode Positive Negative ions attracted OXIDATION happens here (negative ions lose electrons