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switch mode rectifier


(SMR)

TALK FLOW
INTRODUCTION OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF STANDARD SMR PWM TECHNIQUES FEATURES OF THE SMR USED IN THE POWER PLANT CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL SMR ADVANCED VERSION OF SMR APPLICATIONS ADVANTAGES CONCLUSION REFERENCES
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Switch mode rectifier is a rectifier used with an objective to eliminate certain problems in conventional rectifier. It has following merits against conventional rectifier-:
Power factor is maintained close to unity.
Source current becomes approximately sinusoidal.

Constant dc output voltage in presence of variation of input voltage


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Switch mode rectifier is popularly

known as SMR .
Also referred as Unity power

rectifier(UPR)
Essential component in SMPS and UPS Widely implemented in the field of

telecommunication.
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Basically consists of bridge rectifier and boost converter Bridge rectifier performs AC to DC convertion &

boost converter is a DC to DC step up chopper Operates in two modes- ON mode OFF mode ON modei)switch S is closed ii) input voltage after rectification appears across the inductor, boost inductor stores energy
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Contd OFF modei) The switch is open


ii) Stored energy in the inductor along with supply is released to the load.

iii) Voltage is stepped up


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CONTD..

Following conditions are to be maintained during circuit operation The DC output voltage must be greater The power balance is maintained by

than the peak of source voltage (V dc > Vs).

keeping Vdc constant irrespective of source voltage.

The PWM techniques used in this case are in the case of two categoriesA) Sinusoidal PWM (indirect current control technique) B) Hysteresis current control technique (Direct current controlled PWM)
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In this case the reference modulating

voltage, which is derived from source is in phase with the source voltage.
This voltage is compared with carrier

signal and where ever one signal exceeds/falls below the other one, the switching instants of the device are derived.
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Most common method used for SMR and easier to implement. Meant for low power application. In this method the reference current signal (derived from source voltage) is in phase with source voltage Reference current is allowed to pass through a hysteresis band , so that actual current must follow within the band.

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SMR used commonly in power plants and industrial sector must have the following features like-:
light weight
Hot swappable module which allow low

mean time to repair , without requiring power plant shut down for repair work or preventive maintenance
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installation must be tool free i.e. module

can be inserted and removed by hand.


There must be front panel indicator LEDs

for Rectifier failure alarm(RFA).


Separate potentiometer s must present for

voltage adjustment
ON/OFF power switch must disable DC

output only without interrupting AC power.

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The key components of the monitoring feature are- Rectifier Failure alarm (RFA) and LED indicator If the rectifier detects a problem, the red front panel LED illuminates.
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Contd..
The RFA alarm generally signifies a

rectifier output shutdown in following condition:

i)When ambient and internal heat sink temperatures are monitored, RFA is generated if ambient temperature exceeds the normal level (>800) or internal heat sink occurs(>1100)
ii)When cooling fan of SMR fails to operate normally
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CONTD.
iii)When rectifier senses bus voltage more

than the specified value iv)Some crucial internal function of the rectifier not operating correctly

In power plants the rectifier RFA

alarm provides even more information. The plant provide minor to major alarm upgrades with one or more failures. controller can determine the no. of SMRs on line, detect the AC power failure
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Key components of control feature of the

SMR are Remote restart (RS) & high voltage shut down (HVSD).

The SMR must built in a high voltage shut

down set point. That means no rectifier component failure should result in an output voltage greater than that of the set voltage.
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To restart a rectifier that didnt HVSD

due to any fault of its own


To test a rectifier to determine if it

caused on HVSD occurrence and needs to be replaced.


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must have an excellent power factor high efficiency low cost operation Hot insertion capability must be available .

because it allows rectifier placement without system shutdown control & monitoring unit must be easy to install with minimal labour, minimum installation expenses and must deliver a high performance
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CONTD
equipped with over voltage or over

current protection To avoid load or damage of rectifier A variable fan must be placed there to maintain ambient temperature .
user facilities should be placed on the

front panel preferably


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MBR 1060 , MBR 1080 , MBR 1090 :

They comprise a series of switch mode rectifier


This series have got guard rings for

stress protection
Pb-free packages are available
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low voltage drop low power loss

High efficiency
High operating junction

temperature

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widely used in AC-DC converter for

active current shaping.


single phase configuration can be

extended to three phase SMR


one of its vital applications is in

Switch mode power supply(smps)


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SMPS is having wide applications in the following areas chiefly: Consumer electronics like TVs, PCs, CD players Tools in industries Security systems (close circuit cameras) Support system of PLC etc
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Input current is approximately sinusoidal Power factor is close to unity Fast dynamic response High efficiency Economical Light weight & reduced size .hence portable Insensitive to variation of input voltage.

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Switch mode rectifier has a wide range of

application in the field of telecommunication


To get sinusoidal reference current inductor

having large value used , so switching frequency increases . Hence switching losses increases & efficiency decreases .
An auxiliary boost converter along with main

boost converter is capable of eliminating high switching losses


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Moreover SMR has reached a

matured level for improving power quality in terms of power factor correction(PFC), and reducing total harmonic distortion

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Baliga, B. jayant, Advanced Power Rectifier Concepts Vol 4, no.6, 1992 Alok Jain, power electronics and its application Vol 8, no. 5, 1996

Mohan, T. undeland, W. Robbins Power Electronics Applications

Keng Wu Power Rectifiers and Converter William Shepherd, Li zhang ,Li Zhang Crowther Power converter

circuits
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Electronics/rectifier
www.edu-doc.com/pdf/switch-mode-rectifier
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