Basic Energy Management

Understanding, Technique and

Methodology
Engr. Jordan C. Montalban
Managing Director
Email: plc_engineers@yahoo.com

Pious Labor Contractor

Introduction
 Energy Management – Refers to Energy
Conservation that deals with engineering,
design, applications, utilizations, and to
some extent the operation and
maintenance of electric power systems to
provide optimal use of electrical energy
without sacrificing comfort, health,
operation, productivity, etc.
Energy Management Involves the
factor of the following:
1. Engineering
2. Management, Organization
3. Economics
4. Financial Analysis
5. Operations Research (system analysis)
6. Public Relations (selling conservation)
7. Environmental Engineering,
Some of the tools that are dealt with here are:
* Meters and Measurement
* Demand and Energy Limiters
* Highly Efficient Energy Devices
* Control Systems – Building Management
System
Technique and Methodology
in Energy Management

Understand Opportunities for Energy

Energy Costs Savings Management
Implementation

Structure of energy Review current Outline plan and

bills and tariffs energy use secure support
Importance of when Identify and Launch key energy
energy is consumed prioritize savings projects
opportunities
Benchmark costs Monitor key projects
against best practice and communicate
standards results
Sample Electric Bill
Generation Charge (GC) = kwh x 4.4290
Transmission Charge (TC) = kw x 313.96 x 1month
System Loss Charge (SLC) = kwh x 0.7296 .
Subtotal A =
Distribution Charge (DC) = kw x 119.40 x 1month
Metering Charge = 317.74 x 1month
Supply Charge = 655.33 x 1month
CERA = DC peso cost
Power Factor Adj. = (TC + DC)peso cost x (+,-%) .
Subtotal B =
Lifeline Rate Subsidy = kwh x 0.1026
Interclass Subsidy = kwh x 0.1734 .
Subtotal C =
Local Franchise Tax (LFT) = (Subtotal A+B+C) x 0.500%
Value Added Tax
Generation Charge = GC peso cost x 10.3800%
Transmission Charge = TC peso cost x 10.6500%
System Loss Charge = SLC peso cost x 10.4300%
Distribution Rev & Subs = { (Subtotal B+C) + (LFT peso cost) } x 12%
Universal Charges
Missionary = kwh x 0.0373
Environmental Fund = kwh x 0.0025
Others = no cost yet .
Subtotal D

TOTAL CURRENT AMOUNT =

Understanding Electric Demand

 “Electric Demand” is a measure of power required over

some time interval (typically 15 or 30 minutes)
 Utilities often levy a charge against the highest demand
interval in the billing period (typically 30 days)
 Why charge for demand?
 Reflect cost the utility must bear for generation &
distribution at peak times of the day, month and year
 Provide incentive to energy consumers to “level” their
demand profile
 Understanding Electric Demand
 A simple demand profile shows demand readings at
regular intervals over some period of time
400
350
300
Demand (kW)

250
200
150
100
50
0
Jul

Jul
Apr
Apr

Jun

Jun
Dec

Dec
Mar

Mar
Oct

Oct
Nov

Nov
Sep

Sep
Aug

Aug
Feb

Feb
May

May
2001 Jan

2002 Jan

Time (Months)
Impact of Demand on Energy Cost
Example – compare two monthly electric bills
 Energy consumption in September is up by
4,720 kWh (which is 10.62%)
 Total cost in September is up by P32,025.10
(which is an increase of 10.025%)
Month Usage Total Cost
August 44,440 kWh P319,443.00
2006 94.04 kW
September 49,160 kWh P351,468.10
2006 100.04 kW
Impact of Demand on Energy Cost
 What might cause the dramatic increase in
cost?
 Imagine a 25 kW load on for 5 hours and
coinciding with the peak demand interval:
 Incremental energy charge: 25 kW x 5 hours =
125 kWh x P5.4744 = P684.30
 Incremental demand charge: 25 kW x P443.36
= P10,834.00
 Loadscontributing to peak demand can
have a dramatic impact on total energy
cost!
 Impact of Demand on Energy Cost
 A demand profile for individual loads can help
determine which loads contribute to the peak
400

350

300

250
Demand (kW)

200

150

100

50

0
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00

0:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00

16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00

22:00
23:00
Time (Hours)
Other Energy Cost Elements
 Time of Use (TOU)
 Energy consumption and demand charges may
change at different times of the year and/or day
 Seasonal – rates change with time of year

 On peak vs. off peak – rates change with the

time of day
 The purpose of TOU is much like demand

 Power factor penalty

A measure of how “efficiently” a customer
consumes energy that can do work (vs. total
energy to operate any given load)
Understand Where Energy is Used
 Break down energy use of the largest loads in
terms of consumption and demand
 Pay close attention to loads that contribute to the
peak demand interval in a billing period
HVAC Energy Demand
15%
HVAC Lights
40% 40%

Lights
50%
Plug
Power
35% Plug
Power
20%
 Knowing our Basic Electrical System
Load

Motors / Equipments

Lightings

Ref / Air-conditioning
Understand Where Energy is Used
 An energy audit is
the process of
recording key site
data that influences
energy use
 Key parameters
include:
 Utility billing data
 Major load parameters
 Influencing factors
(weather, production)
Benchmarking
 Benchmarking is the process of comparing energy use
against some reference metric
 Internal comparison: compare one billing period
against another, or one site against another
 External comparison: compare a building or
production process against best practice metrics in
the same industry
 Energy data must be normalized for an “apples-to-
apples” comparison
 Account for differences in weather, floor space, etc.

 Comparison metrics include kWh/sq.ft., kW/sq.ft.,

kWh per unit of production
Benchmarking
Example
 Power Measurement – Victoria office
 BC Hydro benchmark for two-story office
building located in Victoria
Cost Energy Demand
Intensity Intensity Intensity
Power $15.69 / m2 343 kWh / m2 75 W / m2

Measureme
nt
BC Hydro $7.28 / m2 140 to 260 40 to 100
kWh / m2 W / m2
benchmark
Traditional Energy Management
 Energy management practice over the past several
decades has normally involved:
 Identifying inefficient equipment and procedures;

 Replacing equipment and changing procedures to

increase efficiency; and
 Using a spot check (or engineering estimate) to state
energy savings achieved.
 After these steps are taken, the energy management
process is considered complete
 Challenge: does this approach represent the maximum
savings possible?
 Technique and Methodology
(Sample Study)
BeONE basic function (patented)
This device reduces the usage of electricity for Air-conditioner & Refrigerator by
mean of stopping of compressor.
Control ratio: 10 ~ 50%
The number of control: One(1) or twice(2) per 30 minutes

Ex 1）In case of 15% control、BeONE stops compressor 4 minutes & 30 seconds in 30 minutes

Time 0 30
Condition works normally works normally
of Air-con Control
4.5minutes

Ex 2）In case of 20%、BeONE stops compressor 3 minutes twice in 30 minutes

Time 0 15 30
Condition works normally works normally work norm ally

of Air-con Control Control

3 minutes 3 minutes

Ex 3）In case of 15% of multiple units

Time 0 30
AC unit works normally
No 1 Control
4.5minutes
Time 0 30
AC unit works normally works normally
No 2 Control
4.5minutes
Time 0 30
AC unit works normally works norm ally

No…X Control
4.5minutes

Remark: This is interval program in order to keep comfortable in the room

 BeONE is Timer or Demand controller?

Timer & Demand

controller
may damage
compressor.

I am Demand
I am Compressor. Controller. I have to
Please help me…BeONE…!!! stop you compulsory.
I can’t stop suddenly…

But BeONE has….

 BeONE has 2(two) patents
◎Compressor protection system 　 Patented◎
BeONE is always observing operation of compressor and
control it with best timing so as not to damage
compressor.
◎Normal operation priority system 　 Patented◎
When air-con re-starts after stopping long time, BeONE let
air-con run fixed time in order to reach setting temp.
BeONE can be used for freezing machine, too.
Don’t worry.
I will protect
I am not scared. you.
Get along together!
Compressor protection system (Patent 1)
In case Air-conditioner was stopped by thermostat, BeONE never stops
fixed time (usually 3 to 5 mins) after re-starting to protect compressor.

Ex）In case of 15% control program and 3 minutes protection time under such an environment that
Air-con been stopped 10 minutes by thermostat.(No one expects when thermostat is activated)

Time 0 10 13
Condition Re-starting works normally
of Air-con stopped by thermostat control
4.5 minutes

This is the time that BeONE do not control to protect compressor

 Normal operation priority system
(Patent 2)
If Air-conditioner stops long time, room temperature shall be changed
suddenly. In this case, BeONE do not control fixed time so that room
temperature can be reached setting temperature.

It is available to set fixed time from 0~99 minutes

Ex) If Air-con stopped more than 15 minutes, priority operation will be set 20 minutes.
(BeONE do not control 20 minutes)

Time 0 15 30 5
Condition works normally works normally

of Air-con
stopped more than 15mins control
4.5 minutes
Next 30mins (session)

Normal operation priority

 BeONE-M can provide 4 different data
■ Power consumption ■ Operation time ・ Control time ・ Stopping
time by thermostat etc

■ Power control
■ Monthly consumption
Thank You!
 Have a nice day