A

PRESENTATION
On

Anil Arora 10/05

Dheer Singh Chouhan 45/05

October 22, 2008 Powerfest'08 1

 What is an Embedded System?
Combination of hardware and software
Mechanical part included
Designed for a dedicated function
Can be a part of larger system

October 22, 2008 Powerfest'08 2

 History
Intel’s 4004 chip for a business calculator
in 1971
In 1980 microprocessor based embedded
system came
In 1992,PC/104 founded by Ampro, RTD
Appolo guidance computer is developed
by charles draper at MIT instrumentation
lab.

October 22, 2008 Powerfest'08 3

 Components of embedded system
Computational/ Processing Power
Memory
Real-time system
Communication Elements
Microprocessor/microcontroller

October 22, 2008 Powerfest'08 4

 Microprocessor

Controlling unit
Processing unit

October 22, 2008 Powerfest'08 5

 Microcontroller
A microcontroller is an entire computer
manufactured on a single chip.

e.g. intel 8051

October 22, 2008 Powerfest'08 6
 The 8051 Microcontroller:
The 8051 is the first microcontroller introduced by Intel
Corporation at the end of the 1970’s.
Internal architecture
The 8051 family characteristics:

4K Bytes ROM

128 Bytes RAM
 two timer/counters (16 bit)

 A serial port

 4 general purpose parallel input/output port

 Interrupt controller

October 22, 2008 Powerfest'08 7

 Application area of embedded
system
Automotive electronics
Authentication systems
Aircraft electronics
Telecommunication
Trains
Consumer electronics
Smart buildings
Medical systems
Military applications

October 22, 2008 Powerfest'08 8

 Some typical example

Music Systems
Card Reader
Washing Machine
Digital Watch
Video Game Player
Robotic Arm

October 22, 2008 Powerfest'08 9

Benefits of Embedded System
Made life easier
Need of man power is decreased

Languages for Embedded Systems

Programming is used to control
Assembly language till recently
Nowadays c, c++, Ada, java
C language is preferred

October 22, 2008 Powerfest'08 10

Design issue of Embedded System
Environmental assumption
Available hardware, memory uses, safety,
error handling
Real-time behavior
Protocol selection
correctness and reliability

October 22, 2008 Powerfest'08 11

 Limitations
Complexity
Testing
Predictability
Specification
Domain knowledge
Fault tolerance

October 22, 2008 Powerfest'08 12

 Future aspects

Many household common items will

changed into embedded system
Embedded systems may used by local
network or internet
Embedded systems will change the
outlook of the world.

October 22, 2008 Powerfest'08 13

 Conclusion
In 1970 we had a single embedded
system and now Nearly 2 billion
microprocessor chips are manufactured
every year, over 95% go into non-pc
embedded system.
Disappearing computer-computer
everywhere called ubiquitous computing.

October 22, 2008 Powerfest'08 14

 A practical example

October 22, 2008 Powerfest'08 15

 References
Sriram V Iyer, Pankaj Gupta, “Embedded Realtime Systems
Programming”, Tata MCGRAW-HILL pg: 4-14
The NetBSD Foundation URL: www.netbsd.org/Misc/embed.html#a1
Embedded Systems for Advertising and Marketing URL:
www.ad-mkt-review.com/public_html/tech/esam.html
Wikipedia Foundation, Encyclopedia
URL: wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system#History
URL: www.webopedia.com/TERM/E/embedded_system.html
URL:thailand.asinah.net/en/wikipedia/e/em/embedded_system.html
Mike McCracker’s in software engineering Seminar
URL: http://pbl.cc.gatech.edu/embed/16
URL: www.cs.kun.nl/ita
URL: http://www.compapp.dcu.ie/~cdaly/embed/embedsys.html
URL: http://www.netrino.com/Books/EmbeddedC/index.html
Michael Barr, “Programming Embedded Systems in C and C++”,
O’Reilly.

October 22, 2008 Powerfest'08 16

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