EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER

A SHORT
HISTORY
ABACUS

• 1000 BC: The first

calculating device
ABACUS was invented in
Egypt .
• The abacus is still in use
in some countries.
PASCALINE

• 1642: A Frenchman
Blaise Pascal
introduced the first
mechanical calculating
device.
• It could do both
addition and
subtraction.
• 1833: Charles Babbage
professor of mathematics
at the Cambridge
University with the
assistance of Lady
Augusta Ada Lovelace
developed a machine that
could store information,
calculate numbers and
solve algebraic
expression.
• 1887:A statistician
named Herman
Hollerith developed a
machine called the
census machine for
the census bureau. It
was capable of
reading numbers,
characters, and also
special symbols.
• 1930: Howard Aikens and
Grace Hooper developed
an electrically operated
machine which could
calculate , store data,
read characters and also
special symbols. The
machine was gigantic in
size. It was named
Harvard Mark 1
• 1945 : First electronic
general purpose calculator
,ENIAC (Electronic
Numerical Integrator and
Calculator ) built in U.S
,weighs 33 tons consumes
150 kw and averages 5000
operations per second
• 1947 : Transistor, essential
storage device for computers
invented by American
engineers William Shockley,
John Bardeen, and Walter
Bartain .
 • 1948 :First stored
program computer,
Manchester Mark 1 ,
built in UK. Using
valves , it can perform
about 500 operations
per second and has
the first RAM . It fills a
room the size of a
Manchester Mark 1
small office.
 • 1951 : Early computer
game , Nim , played
by Ferranti Nimrod
computer at the
Festival of Britain.

Ferranti Nimrod Computer

 • 1957:FORTRAN
( Formula Translator)
Programming language
invented at IBM.
• 1958:Integrated Circuit
(microchip) produced by
American engineer Jack
Kilby. His circuit is made
of a single piece of
Jack Kilby
semiconductor.
 • 1964: BASIC (Beginners
All-Purpose Symbolic
Instruction Code) is
created by professors at
Dartmouth College ,US.
BASIC later becomes
popular among personal
computers.

• 1965: First commercially

successful
microcomputer, DEC
DEC PDP-8 PDP-8 is produced in US.
It sits on a desktop.
 • 1971: First
microprocessor chip , the
Intel 4004, produced in
US. It performs 60000
operations per second.
• 1975: Microsoft founded
by American
businessmen Bill Gates
and Paul Allen . They
developed DOS which
later becomes the
Bill Gates
dominant operating
system for computers.
 • 1976: CRAY-1
supercomputer built .
Word processors for
personal computers ,
Electric Pencil,
developed. ‘Apple’
computer company
formed.
Cray-1 Supercomputer
 • 1977: Mass produced
personal computer,
Commodore PET
(Personal Electronic
Transactor ) appears.

Commodore PET
 • 1979: Application
software for personal
computers , ‘VisiCalc’,
appears. A spread
sheet program, it sells
100,000 copies the
first year.

VisiCalc
 • 1981: First portable
computer, Osborne 1,
produced. At the size
and weight of a
sewing machine,
however, it is much
less convenient than
current portable
Osborne 1 computers.
 • 1981: IBM launches
IBM PC on the
personal computer
market. IBM makes
the first massive sales
in the personal
computer market.

IBM PC
 • 1984: Apple
Macintosh computer
becomes first
successful personal
computer with a
mouse and easy to
use Graphic User
Interface (GUI).
GUI
• 1985: Microsoft
launches Windows for
PC . Windows is a
GUI similar to Mac’s,
making personal
computer much
easier to use.
 • 1990 : IBM Pentium PC
produced. It holds up to
4,000 mega bytes of
RAM and can perform up
to 112 million instructions
per seconds. The
microprocessor chip at
the heart of the computer
measures 16mm by
17mm and contains 3.1
million transistors . It is
designed using a system
called VLSI (Very Large
VLSI Program Scale Integration).
 Gener Dates Charac
ation teristic
1st 1944- Use
Valves
59 (Vacuum
tubes)
Generations 2nd 1959- Use
transistors
64
Of Large
3rd 1964-
Computers 75
Scale
Integrated
Circuits
Very
4th 1975-
Large
Scale
Integrated
Circuits
“Artificial
5th Under
Intelligenc
develo e” based
pment computers
Anatomy Of A Computer
• Every computer has four
basic parts, or units: an
input unit such as the
keyboard, that feeds
information into the
computer; a central
processing unit (CPU)
that performs the various
tasks of the computer; an
output unit , such as a
monitor , that displays the
results; a memory unit
that stores information
and instructions.