What Is Bluetooth?

You're coming back home

after a long, hard day. You've met
some important people and entered notes about the
meetings in your PDA. Now, you want to transfer
the information to your PC. The traditional way to
do this is to pull out the Hotsych cradle, connect the
two together, and start the transfer…...

Consider this scenario instead - the moment

you enter your room, you touch a button on your
PDA, and the data gets transferred to your PC. NO
physical connections, no need to start up
synchronization software, not even the need to be
near your PC. Wouldn't you like that? Say hello
to
INTRODUCTION

• Bluetooth is a global de facto standard for

wireless connectivity. Based on a low-cost,
short-range radio link, Bluetooth cuts the cords
that used to tie up digital devices.

• When two Bluetooth equipped devices come

within 10 meters range of each other, they can
establish a connection together. And because
Bluetooth utilizes a radio-based link, it doesn't
require a line-of-sight connection in order to
communicate.
Why the Funny Name?

•Bluetooth is named after King Harald Blåtand

(Bla: dark skinned, tan: great man) of Denmark
who united Denmark and Norway in the 10th
century.
•Bluetooth is similarly expected to unite the
worlds of computing and telecom.
 Know your History !
1994 - Ericsson releases
Bluetooth specification.
Early 1998 - Bluetooth Special
Interest Group (SIG) was formed.
July 1999 - Bluetooth 1.0 Specification
Release.
2000 - 2001 - Ongoing work on
Bluetooth 2.0 Specification.
 The Bluetooth SIG
•The Bluetooth Special Interest Group is an industry
group, comprised of leaders in the telecommunications
and computing industries that are driving development
and promotion of Bluetooth wireless technology and
bringing it to market in a broad range of products.

•The SIG has over 2500 member companies worldwide.

• Bluetooth is an open standard. The Bluetooth

standard is available royalty-free at the official
Bluetooth website Bluetooth.com
 The Special Interest Group.
3COM
ERICSSON
MICROSOFT
IBM
INTEL
MOTOROLA
NOKIA
TOSHIBA
OGERE
 Why Bluetooth?
Bluetooth standard is aimed at
achieving global acceptance such
that any Bluetooth device, anywhere
in the world, can connect to other
Bluetooth devices in its proximity,
regardless of brand.
Bluetooth enabled electronic
devices connect and communicate
“wirelessly” via short-range, ad hoc
networks called piconets.
Each unit can simultaneously communicate with up to seven
other units per piconet. Moreover, each unit can
simultaneously belong to several piconets.
Ad hoc networking
*These piconets are established dynamically and
automatically as Bluetooth devices enter and leave
the radio proximity.

*Since each Bluetooth device supports both point-to-

point and point-to-multi-point connections, several
piconets can be established and linked together ad
hoc. The Bluetooth topology is best described as a
 In-home Wired Network
xDSL

Cordless
communicator Internet
Gateway
Display

Internet and
Enter

Digital Home Intranet Display

entertainment Pad
cable gateway
network
Entertainment
gateway

Digital
satellite
network

Vision of a wired Home Intranet.

 In-home Bluetooth Network

Office Laptop
Connect to office LAN
Email
Home Printer access Main Home PC
Surf from anywhere
Share files Internet Service Pipe

Family Car
Trip Navigation downloads
Download News/Entertainment

3 cups flour

Personal display pad

1 cup grated chocolate
1 cup sugar
1 stick butter
1/2 cup chopped walnuts
minutes.

Shopping lists
Fast food ordering
Fridge Pad Book/News/Home PIM
Family Calendar
Recipe Display
Build shopping lists
Cordless Phone
Voice messaging
Remote Speech recognition
Intercom
Call by name
Build shopping lists
Home PBX
•Life with BLUETOOTH
Bluetooth in Action

Bluetooth can give you a new kind of freedom.

You might share information, synchronize
data, access the Internet, integrate with LANs
or even unlock your car - all by simply using
your Bluetooth equipped mobile phone.
Bluetooth Makes Life Easier…..

You arrive at the office and put

down your briefcase, while your
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
automatically synchronizes with
your desktop PC and transfers
files, e-mails and schedule
information.

While in a meeting, you access

your PDA to send your
presentation to the electronic
whiteboard. You record meeting
minutes on your PDA and
wirelessly transfer these to
the attendees before they leave
the meeting.
Upon arriving at your
home, the door
automatically unlocks for
you, the entry way lights
come on, and the heat is
adjusted to your pre-set
preferences.

An alarm notifies you

that your toddler has
just left the house
You arrive at the airport. A
long line is formed for
ticketing and seat assignment.
You avoid the line, using your
PDA to present an electronic
ticket and automatically select
your seat. The airline's on-line
system checks identification via
the "ID-tag" feature built into
your PDA and confirms your
reserved seat.

You arrive at the hotel. As you

enter, you are automatically
checked in and your room number
and electronic key are
transferred to your PDA. As you
approach the room, the door
automatically opens.
As you approach your vehicle,
the door unlocks automatically,
the radio tunes in your
favorite station, and the seat
adjusts to your preferred
settings.
As you enter your vehicle, you
are reminded of the items on
your daily calendar and the
results of a recent diagnostic
test of your vehicle.

You receive a new message en

route, which is verbally
transmitted to you via the
vehicle's speakerphone
The Inside Story

Features
Technical Specifications
The Bluetooth Protocol St
 Bluetooth Features

• Bluetooth uses a short-range (10 meters) radio

link. The range can be increased to about 100
meters with boosters, which increase the power
of the signals.
• The gross data rate is about 1 Mbps
• Bluetooth uses the unlicensed I SM (I ndustrial,
Scientific and Medical) band (2.4 GHz). This
makes Bluetooth-enabled products workable
across the globe, eradicating compatibility
issues.
 Technical
•
•
Normal range
Specifications
Optional range
10 m
100 m
• Normal transmitting power 1 mw
• Optional transmitting power 100 mw
• Receiver sensitivity -70 dBm
• Frequency band 2.4 GHz
• Gross data rate 1Mbps
• Max. Data transfer 721 +56 kbit/3 voice channels
• Power consumption, standby 20 µA
• Power consumption, max. 30 µA
Packet switching protocol based on a frequency hop scheme with
1600 hops/s
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Bluetooth defines a protocol stack which essentially consists of the following layers -
♦ RADIO - The Bluetooth radio layer is the lowest layer, and defines the frequency,
transmitter and receiver characteristics.
♦ BASEBAND - This forms the physical layer and provides -
♦ Link control (asynchronous or synchronous)
♦ Error correction
♦ Frequency selection for frequency hopping
♦ Security
♦ LMP (Link Manager Protocol) - This performs link setup, link configuration and
authentication.
♦ HCI (Host Controller Interface) - This provides access to the Bluetooth Baseband,
hardware status, and control registers.
♦ L2CAP (Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol) - This forms the data link
layer. It provides connectionless and connection oriented data services to
applications. Two link types are supported for the Baseband layer - SCO
(Synchronous Connection-Oriented) and ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Less).
♦ RFCOMM - This provides emulation for serial ports (RS232) on the L2CAP layer.
♦ SDP (Service Delivery Protocol) - It provides means for applications to determine the
available services and their characteristics.
♦ APPLICATIONS - The L2CAP may be accessed directly by the applications or
through support protocols like RFCOMM, TCS and SDP. The applications may use
other protocols like TCP-IP or WAP and Bluetooth allows these to inter operate. The
applications may themselves run PPP (Point to point protocol), FTP (file transfer
protocol) or other specific protocols as required by the application. An application
may use the SDP to discover whether the service it needs from a remote device is
available.
How Do Bluetooth Devices Deal With Interference?
• Radio waves can pick up noise from nearby devices like
microwave ovens especially since the ISM band is
unlicensed. This is where a technique called "frequency
hopping" comes into the picture.

• Bluetooth has chosen to provide an acknowledgment-based

scheme with automatic repeat request (ARQ). What is
transferred during a Bluetooth communication are packets.
With frequency hopping, after the transmission or reception
of a packet, the device hops or changes to a different
frequency. The signal frequency changes about 1600 times
per second.

• In addition, it uses smaller packets and the header

information in packets which is very critical to the link
operation is protected first by a cyclic redundancy check
and further a 1/3 rate Forward Error Check (FEC) is
applied, which repeats each bit three times.
 Competing Technologies
There is no single competitor covering the entire concept of the Bluetooth wireless
technology but in certain market segments other technologies exist.

IrDA
For cable replacement the infrared standard IrDA has been around for some years
and is quite well known and widespread. IrDA is faster than the Bluetooth wireless
technology but is limited to point-to-point connections and above all it requires a
clear line-of-sight. In the past IrDA has had problems with incompatible standard
implementations, a lesson that the Bluetooth SIG has learnt.

Wireless LAN
Wireless LANs based on the IEEE 802.11 standard. The technology is used to
replace a wired LAN throughout a building. The transmission capacity is high and so
is the number of simultaneous users. On the other hand, compared to Bluetooth
wireless technology, it is more expensive and power consuming, and the hardware
requires more space. It is therefore not suitable for small mobile devices.
 Competing Technologies
Home RF
The Home RF also uses the 2.4 GHz radio band and has many similarities to the
Bluetooth wireless technology. Home RF can operate ad hoc networks (data only) or
be under the control of a connection point coordinating the system and providing a
gateway to the telephone network (data & voice). The hop frequency is 8 Hz while a
Bluetooth link hops at 1600 Hz.

Ultra-Wideband Radio
Ultra-Wideband Radio (UWB) is a new radio technology still under development.
Short pulses are transmitted in a broad frequency range. The capacity appears to be
high while power consumption is expected to be low.
 Peak Range Relative Voice Data
Data Cost network network
Rate support support
IEEE 2 50m Medium Via IP TCP / IP
Mbps
802.11
IrDA 16 < 2m Low Via IP Via PPP
Mbps

Bluetooth 1 <10m Medium Via IP and Via PPP

Mbps cellular
Home RF 1.6 50m Medium Via IP TCP / IP
Mbps
 IEEE 802.11a & Bluetooth
802.11b
Time table Standards in 1998, Standards in 2000,
Products in 2000 Products in 2001/2002
Frequency band IEEE 802.11a-5GHz, 2.4 GHz
IEEE 802.11b-2.4GHz
Speed 11 Mbps - 54 Mbps 1 – 2 Mbps
Distance coverage 802.11a- Upto 60 feet Upto 30 feet
802.11b- Upto 300 feet
Market Penetration Quite widespread Just started in 2002
Interference Significant interference No interference
Cost Much more expensive Cheaper than WLANs
 Security – How Much Is Too Much??

• The Bluetooth system is intended to be used as a uniform

interface to all of a person's information sources and will thus
be expected to transfer sensitive personal data. Security of
the data is thus an important issue.
• Bluetooth devices are expected to be omnipresent and at
some places the access to these devices by public users may
have to be restricted. This calls for authentication procedures
to be provided.
• The scheme used by the Bluetooth standard to tackle these
issues is referred to as the challenge response scheme.
• The application may itself encrypt its data for added security.
That can add to the safety of the data, but the most of the
authentication is based on the link level security procedures.
NOW_Headset_sunglasses_cl
os
 The Dream
You enter a bus and your
bus fare is automatically
paid by your mobile phone
You could even use your
mobile phone to control the
locking and alarm on your
car, as well as integrate it
with the car's stereo so you
can talk hands free while
you are driving.