Authority & Power

Leadership Styles

Power

Authority: Power that people accept as rightly exercised over them; also called legitimate power.

Coercion: Power that people do not accept as rightly exercised over them; also called illegitimate power.

Traditional Power/Authority
Traditional Authority is based on custom. Birth right of kings

Gender Roles

Rational-Legal Power/Authority
Rational-Legal Authority is based on written rules. Constitution

Corporate charter Contracts

Charismatic Power/Authority
Charismatic Authority is based on an individuals outstanding traits, which attract followers. From God

From Nature

Power

Power refers to all the means by which individuals, groups, or institutions can exert controlling influence over others.

Reward Power
Is the potential to provide a desired benefit: (Lauffer, 1984, p 159) Salary increase Promotion Days off

Coercive Power
Derives from the ability to withhold rewards or to apply negative sanctions (Lauffer, 1984, p 160). Legal sanctions

Positional Power

Derives form ones place on a hierarchy (Lauffer, 1984, p 160).

Expert Power

Derives from knowledge, technical competence or skills which are presumed superior to those who are involved with the exchange relationship (Lauffer, 1984, p 160).

Referent Power

Is derived from personal relationships that over time generate a feeling of trust which permit one to influenced the other through give and take (Lauffer, 1984, p 160).

Leadership
Leadership is the process of influencing individual and group behavior toward the attainment of organizational goals (French, 1998, p A-35). Leadership is the process of influencing other people to meet their goals and maintain internal or group harmony (Henslin, 1999, p. 159).

Leadership Styles
Autocratic Leadership: Leadership that is based primarily on power, authority, and position. Expert Leadership: Leadership that is based primarily on knowledge and expertise with little or no emphasis on individual or group process.

Leadership Styles

Process Specialist: Leadership that is based primarily on the knowledge and expertise in individual and group process with little or no focus on expertise or knowledge in a specific content area.

Leadership Styles

Collaborator: Leadership that is based on and equal share of knowledge and expertise of a subject area, and expertise in individual and group process

Leadership Styles

Catalytic: Leadership that is based primarily on the knowledge and expertise in individual and group process with no focus on expertise or knowledge in a specific content area.

References
French, W. L. (1998). Human Resources Management. Boston, MA, Houghton Mifflin. Henslin, J. M. (1999). Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach. Needham Heights, MA, Allyn and Bacon. Lauffer, A. (1984). Understanding Your Social Agency. Newbury Park, California, Sage.