KARDAN

UNIVERSITY

Management
By
Omid Sabah
CLASS POLICIES

 Turn off your mobile

phones
 Be on time
 Be friendly
 Ask Questions
 Don’t criticize on anyone
 Leave your work and life
tension aside
 Study hard
 THE ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS

In order to understand this

view, we have to know what
really a system means

What is a System?
A system is one which has
interrelated parts and functions
as a whole
Types of systems:
In general system are classified into open and
close system
Close system:
Are closed in relation to their external
environment
Open system:
Has relationship and interaction with its
external environment

INPUT PROCESS
Labor Manufacturing OUTPUT
Raw Material Products
Machinery And Services
Finance
ORGANIZATION
Two or more persons engaged
in a systematic effort to
produce goods or services
OR
It is a group of people trying
to achieve something
MANAGEMENT
•The process of achieving
organizational goals and objectives
effectively and efficiently by using
management functions such as
planning, organizing, leading and
controlling
OR
Management is the function that
organizes the execution of today's
business
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
OR
Hierarchical Levels
(Vertical dimensions)
Top level management (ultimately
responsible for the entire organization)
 Middle level management (directly
responsible for the work of lower level
managers)
 Lower / First level management
(operate at the lowest hierarchical
level)
Top Management
 Develops and Reviews long-range plans and
strategies
 Evaluates overall performance of various
departments and ensures cooperation
 Involved in selection of key personnel

Middle Management
 Establishes departmental policies
 Reviews daily and weekly reports on
production or sales
 Selection and recruitment of personnel
 Analyze managerial performance to
determine capability and readiness for
promotion
Supervisory or first line management
 Makes detailed, short range operating plans
 supervises day to day operations
SKILL REQUIRED AT
DIFFERENT LEVELS
Robert Katz identified three managerial skills
that are essential to successful management:
• Conceptual skills: The ability to think about
the future of organization as a whole or the
ability to think in the long run
• Human skills: ability to interact effectively with
people (Coordination)
• Technical skills: involves process or
technique knowledge and proficiency
CONTINUED
MANAGEMENT IS A
SCIENCE OR AN ART?
• Science of Management
Those who view management as science
feel that organizational and managerial
Problem-solving requires the knowledge and
application of scientific methods
• Art of Management
Those who view management as an art feel
that one gains expertise in the field of
management only by practice
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

• Planning
The process of setting goals and deciding
how best to achieve them
• Organizing
The process of allocating and arranging
human and non human resources so that
plans can be carried out successfully
•
CONTINUED
• Leading
The process of influencing others to
engage in the work behaviors necessary to
reach organizational goals

• Controlling
The process of regulation organizational
activities so that actual performance
conforms to expected organizational
standards and goals
MANAGERIAL ROLES
A role is organized set of behavior
associates with particular office or position
3 general types of roles by mintzberg are:
• interpersonal roles=grow directly from a
managers position authority and involve
decisional
• informational roles=receiving and
transmitting information
• decisional roles=making significant
decisions affecting the organization
Promoting Innovation: The
Entrepreneurial role
 Innovation: A new idea applied to initiating
or improving a process, product or service
Example: Discovering and exploiting new
opportunities
 Intrapreneurs: individuals who engage in
entrepreneurial roles inside organizations
 Inrapreneurship: The process of innovating
within an exiting organization
 Idea Champion: Individuals who generates a
new idea or believes in the value of a new
idea
Horizontal dimension:
Responsibility areas
(Horizontal dimensions)
 In horizontal differentiation, there are three
major types of managerial jobs: functional,
general and project
 Functional managers: who are responsible
for a specific, specialized organization area
 General managers: who are responsible
for a whole organization or a substantial sub
nit including most of the common specialized
areas
 Project managers: who are responsible for
coordinating efforts involving individuals in
several different organizational units all
working on a particular project
Managing In The 21st
Century
Successful managers must watch future
trends and must keep their organizations
moving forward
 Managing change and innovation:

 Change, is any alteration of the status

quo to which a company must respond
 Innovation, is a new idea applied to
initiating or improving a process, product
or service
 Managing diversity: managers of the 21st
needs to make diversify environment for their
future organizations or companies
 END OF
CHAPTER 1 st