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Power System Protection Lab

Experiment # 01 Name of the Experiment : Familiarization with different kinds of insulators, fuses and miniature circuit breakers

Insulators:
The insulators provide necessary insulation between line conductors and supports and thus prevent any leakage current from conductors to earth.

Insulator Materials
Porselin (20% silica, 30% feldspar, 50% clay)

Toughened Glass

Insulator Materials

Processed by controlling thermal or chemical treatment to increase its strength compared with normal glass

Advantages of Glass Insulators:


It is easier to detect a damaged glass insulator than a porcelain insulator. Dielectric strength of glass is much higher than that of porcelain. Glass has a lower co-efficient of thermal expansion than porcelain. Glass is mechanically more strong than porcelain where under compression but in tension same as porcelain.

Types of Insulators
Pin insulators: Pin insulators are used in 11 KV and 33 KV
overhead lines.

Types of Insulators
Spool / Shackle Insulators: These insulators are used in the 0.4 KV overhead service lines.

Types of Insulators
Disc Insulators or Suspension type Insulators:
These Insulators are used normally in HV (>33KV) overhead transmission lines. Total Insulation of the string can be increased by increasing the number of disc unit in the string.

Types of Insulators
Strain Insulators:

Flush over of Insulator


In flash over, an arc occurs between the line conductor and insulator pin and discharge jumps across the air gaps. In case of flash over, the insulator will continue to act in its proper capacity.

Puncher of Insulator
In case of puncher, the discharge occurs from conductor to pin through the body of the insulator. When such breakdown is involved, the insulator is permanently destroyed.

Specification of a Insulator

Impulse voltage withstand test

Impulse voltage flashover test

Dry and wet power frequency voltage withstands test

Dry and wet power frequency flashover voltage test

Creepage Distance
Creepage distance is the shortest path between two conducting parts of an electrical or electronic circuit measured along the surface of the insulator.

Fuse
Fuse is the simplest and cheapest current interrupting device for protection of the electrical devices from excessive currents. It provides two types of protection: Short circuit protection Over Load protection

Types of Fuse
Semi-enclosed or Re-wire able Fuse:
These types of fuses are used for the protection of appliances at 0.4 KV voltage level. and usually called cut-out. The Fuse carrier can be pulled out and the blown out fuse element can be replaced.

Types of Fuse
Totally Enclosed or cartridge Fuse:
The Fuse Element (the conductor which melts) is enclosed in a totally enclosed container and is provided with metal contact on both side.

Types of Fuse
Drop out Fuse: This type of fuse is normally used in 11 KV side of a 11/0.4 KV distribution transformer.

Types of Fuse
HRC ( High Rupturing capacity) cartridge Fuse:
A cartridge fuse link having breaking capacity higher then certain specified value (e.g. above the 16 KA for medium voltage)

Lightning Arrestor
The main function of a Lightning arrestor is to divert any surge over voltage caused by lightning to the ground, so that equipment or devices behind the arrestor are saved from insulation failure and eventually short circuit fault.

Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)


A circuit Breaker (CB) is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then has to be replaced, a CB can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. MCBs are used to protect electrical appliances in LV system ( up to 100 A)

Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB)


Use in 3-phase system. It also provides Short Circuit Protection Over Load Protection

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