Basic Laws of Electric Circuits Mesh Analysis

Lesson 7

Basic Circuits
Mesh Analysis: Basic Concepts:
In formulating mesh analysis we assign a mesh current to each mesh. Mesh currents are sort of fictitious in that a particular mesh current does not define the current in each branch of the mesh to which it is assigned.

I1

I2

I3

Basic Circuits
Mesh Analysis: Basic Concepts:
R
+
V 1
1

R
_

2
2

+ +
V
L 1

+
_

I1

+
x

I2

Figure 7.2: A circuit for illustrating mesh analysis. Around mesh 1:

V1 + VL1 = V A

where V1 = I1 R1 ; VL1 = ( I1 I 2 ) RX so, ( R1 + RX ) I1 RX I 2 = V A

Eq 7.1

Mesh Analysis: Basic Concepts:

R
+
V 1
1

Basic Circuits
R
2
2

+ +
V
L 1

+
_

I1

+
x

I2

Around mesh 2 we have V L1 V2 = V B with; V L1 = ( I 2 I 1 ) R X ; V2 = I 2 R2 Substituti ng Eq 7.3 in 7.2 gives , R X I 1 ( R X + R2 ) I 2 = V B or R X I 1 + ( R X + R2 ) I 2 = V B

Eq 7.2 Eq 7.3

Eq 7.4

Basic Circuits
Mesh Analysis: Basic Concepts:
We are left with 2 equations: From (7.1) and (7.4) we have,

( R1 + RX ) I1 RX I 2 = V A

Eq 7.5 Eq 7.6

RX I1 + ( RX + R2 ) I 2 = VB

We can easily solve these equations for I1 and I2.

Basic Circuits
Mesh Analysis: Basic Concepts:
The previous equations can be written in matrix form as:

R X I1 V A ( R1 + RX ) R I = V ( RX + R2 2 B X or RX V A I1 ( R1 + RX ) I = R V ( RX + R2 B X 2
1

Eq (7.7)

Eq (7.8)

Basic Circuits
Mesh Analysis: Example 7.1.
Write the mesh equations and solve for the currents I1, and I2.
4 6 2 V +_ 2 7 I2 _ + 2 0 V

V+ _

I1

Figure 7.2: Circuit for Example 7.1. Mesh 1 Mesh 2

4I1 + 6(I1 I2) = 10 - 2 6(I2 I1) + 2I2 + 7I2 = 2 + 20

Eq (7.9) Eq (7.10)

Basic Circuits
Mesh Analysis: Example 7.1, continued.
Simplifying Eq (7.9) and (7.10) gives, 10I1 6I2 = 8 -6I1 + 15I2 = 22
% A MATLAB Solution R = [10 -6;-6 15]; V = [8;22]; I = inv(R)*V I= 2.2105 2.3509

Eq (7.11) Eq (7.12)

I1 = 2.2105 I2 = 2.3509

Basic Circuits
Mesh Analysis: Example 7.2
Solve for the mesh currents in the circuit below.
9 1 _ _ + I3 2 + 8 + _ V V

1 6 2 0 V+_ _

1 4

I1

_ +

I2

Figure 7.3: Circuit for Example 7.2. The plan: Write KVL, clockwise, for each mesh. Look for a pattern in the final equations.

Mesh Analysis: Example 7.2

9 1 _ _ + I3 2 + V

Basic Circuits

1 6 2 0 V+_ _

1 4

8 + _

I1

_ +

I2

Mesh 1: Mesh 2: Mesh 3:

6I1 + 10(I1 I3) + 4(I1 I2) = 20 + 10 4(I2 I1) + 11(I2 I3) + 3I2 = - 10 - 8 9I3 + 11(I3 I2) + 10(I3 I1) = 12 + 8

Eq (7.13) Eq (7.14) Eq (7.15)

Mesh Analysis: Example 7.2

Standard Equation form 20I1 4I2 10I3 = 30 -4I1 + 18I2 11I3 = -18 -10I1 11I2 + 30I3 = 20

Basic Circuits
In matrix form:

Clearing Equations (7.13), (7.14) and (7.15) gives,

4 10 I 1 20 30 4 18 11 I = 18 2 10 11 30 I 3 20

WE NOW MAKE AN IMPORTANT OBSERVATION!!

Mesh Analysis: Standard form for mesh equations

Consider the following:

Basic Circuits
R12 R22 R32

R11 R 21 R31

R13 I 1 emfs (1) R23 I 2 = emfs ( 2) emfs ( 3) R33 I 3

R11 = of resistance around mesh 1, common to mesh 1 current I1. R22 = of resistance around mesh 2, common to mesh 2 current I2. R33 = of resistance around mesh 3, common to mesh 3 current I3.

Mesh Analysis: Standard form for mesh equations

R12 = R21 = - resistance common between mesh 1 and 2 when I1 and I2 are opposite through R1,R2. R13 = R31 = - resistance common between mesh 1 and 3 when I1 and I3 are opposite through R1,R3. R23 = R32 = - resistance common between mesh 2 and 3 when I2 and I3 are opposite through R2,R3. emfs (1) = sum of emf around mesh 1 in the direction of I1. emfs ( 2) = sum of emf around mesh 2 in the direction of I2. emfs ( 3) = sum of emf around mesh 3 in the direction of I3.

Basic Circuits

Mesh Analysis: Example 7.3 - Direct method.

Use the direct method to write the mesh equations for the following.
2 0 3 1 I1 + _ 1 0 V 0 I2 0 _ + 1 1 0 5 VI
3

Basic Circuits
1

2 8 _ + 3 0 V

V+_

Figure 7.4: Circuit diagram for Example 7.3.

0 I 1 10 30 10 10 50 10 I = 25 2 0 10 30 I 3 15

Eq (7.13)

Mesh Analysis: With current sources in the circuit

Example 7.4: Consider the following:
2 2 0 _ + 2 0 V

Basic Circuits

I3

V+_

I1

I2 1 5

Figure 7.5: Circuit diagram for Example 7.4. Use the direct method to write the mesh equations.

Mesh Analysis: With current sources in the circuit

This case is explained by using an example. Example 7.4: Find the three mesh currents in the circuit below.
2 2 0 _ + 2 0 V

Basic Circuits

I3

V+_

I1

I2 1 5

Figure 7.5: Circuit for Example 7.4. When a current source is present, it will be directly related to one or more of the mesh current. In this case I2 = -4A.

Mesh Analysis: With current sources in the circuit

Example 7.4: Continued. An easy way to handle this case is to
remove the current source as shown below. Next, write the mesh equations for the remaining meshes.
2 2 0 _ + 2 0 V

Basic Circuits

I3

V+_

I1

I2 1 5

Note that I 2 is retained for writing the equations through the 5 and 20 resistors.

Mesh Analysis: With current sources in the circuit

Example 7.4: Continued.
2 2 0 _ + 2 0 V

Basic Circuits

I3

Equation for mesh 1: 10I1 + (I1-I2)5 = 10 or

V+_

I1

I2 1 5

15I1 5I2 = 10 Constraint Equation I2 = - 4A

Equations for mesh 2: 2I3 + (I3-I2)20 = 20 or - 20I2 + 22I3 = 20

Mesh Analysis: With current sources in the circuit

Example 7.4: Continued. Express the previous equations in Matrix form:

Basic Circuits

15 5 0 I1 10 0 20 22 I = 20 2 0 1 0 I 3 4
I1 = -0.667 A I2 = - 4 A I3 = - 2.73 A

circuits

End of Lesson 7
Mesh Analysis