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What is Peer-to-Peer?
1.A model of communication where every node in the network acts alike. 1.As opposed to the Client-Server model, where one node provides services and other nodes use the services.
2. Scalability
1. Since every peer is alike, it is possible to add more peers to the system and scale to larger networks.
3.Programmability
1.As a corollary of decentralized coordination.
P2P Topologies
1.Centralized 2.Ring 3.Hierarchical 4.Decentralized 5.Hybrid
Centralized Topology
Ring Topology
Hierarchical Topology
Decentralized Topology
Evaluating topologies
1.Manageability
1. How hard is it to keep working?
2.Information coherence
1. How authoritative is info? (Auditing, non-repudiation)
3.Extensibility
1. How easy is it to grow?
4.Fault tolerance
1. How well can it handle failures?
Evaluating topologies
1.Resistance to legal or political intervention
1. How hard is it to shut down? (Can be good or bad)
2.Security
1. How hard is it to subvert?
3.Scalability
1. How big can it grow?
Centralized
Manageable Coherent Extensible Fault Tolerant Secure Lawsuit-proof Scalable 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. System is all in one place All information is in one place No one can add on to system Single point of failure Simply secure one host Easy to shut down One machine. But in practice?
Ring
Manageable Coherent Extensible Fault Tolerant Secure Lawsuit-proof Scalable 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Simple rules for relationships Easy logic for state Only ring owner can add Fail-over to next host As long as ring has one owner Shut down owner Just add more hosts
Hierarchical
Manageable Coherent Extensible Fault Tolerant Secure Lawsuit-proof Scalable 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Chain of authority Cache consistency Add more leaves, rebalance Root is vulnerable Too easy to spoof links Just shut down the root Hugely scalable DNS
Decentralized
Manageable Coherent Extensible Fault Tolerant Secure Lawsuit-proof Scalable 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Very difficult, many owners Difficult, unreliable peers Anyone can join in! Redundancy Difficult, open research No one to sue Theory yes : Practice no
Centralized + Ring
Manageable Coherent Extensible Fault Tolerant Secure Lawsuit-proof Scalable 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Just manage the ring As coherent as ring No more than ring Ring is a huge win As secure as ring Still single place to shut down Ring is a huge win
Centralized + Decentralized
Manageable Coherent Extensible Fault Tolerant Secure Lawsuit-proof Scalable 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Same as decentralized Better than decentralized Anyone can still join! Plenty of redundancy Same as decentralized Still no one to sue Looking very hopeful
Best architecture for P2P networks?
Napster
1.The P2P revolution is started. 2.Central indexing and searching service 3.File downloading in a peer-to-peer point-topoint manner.
Gnutella
1.Peer-to-peer indexing and searching service. 2.Peer-to-peer point-to-point file downloading using HTTP. 3.A gnutella node needs a server (or a set of servers) to start-up gnutellahosts.com provides a service with reliable initial connection points
But introduces a new single point of failure!
Freenet
1.Peer-to-peer indexing and searching service. 2.Peer-to-peer file downloading. 3.Files served use the same route as searches (not point-to-point)
1.Provides for anonymity.
Thank You ..