University of Puerto Rico, Mayagez Campus

Mechanical Engineering Department

Project C

Preliminary design report

By:

Dr. Pablo Cceres Valencia

INME 4011 Section 070
March 9th, 2009

Project C
z

Assumptions

Only static conditions will be considered.

No concentrations of stresses due to fillet.
Safety factor of 2 using DET.
Base of shaft = 1.2 of the main shaft
diameter.
Tip of shaft = 0.8 of the main shaft diameter.
Material will be steel.

Assumptions for
Dimensions

.8*d

10

*All dimensions in millimeters (mm).

**Not to scale

1.2*d

120

20

Materials Considered

AISI 4150 Alloy Steel

M4 Alloy Steel

Has high carbon content and it is

hard and wear resistant.

Has molybdenum-tungsten, high

carbon and vanadium. High strength
and wear resistant.

yield 413 .69 MPa

yield 330 .95 MPa

AISI 4140 Alloy Steel

Chrome-moly
It contains chromium and molybdenum. Good fatigue,
abrasion, and impact resistant. It is a good choice for
crankshafts, gears, axles and shafts.

yield 413 .69 MPa

Plane YZ
750 N
500 N

M0
+
V
-+
M
--

Ry

Plane XZ
2000 N
500 N

M0
+

Rx

V
-+
M
--

M = 2000N (0.150m) = 300 N.m

Momento Equivalente
M

Shaft Cross Section

Equations used:

Stress Analysis
Point A
y

z ,bending {750 N }
z , Axial{500 N }
z ,bending {500 N }

zx ,Torsion {2000 N }

Stress Analysis
Point A @ Base: Calculations
Point A Base
Force of 2000 N (x)
(zx)torsion=
Force of 750 N (y)
(z)bending=
Force of 500 N (z)
(z)axial=
(z)bending=

Force (x)=
Force (y)=
Force (z)=
Tr/J= 2.9903E+07 Pa

Mc/I= 2.6913E+07 Pa

P/A= 5.2219E+05 Pa
Mc/I= 1.4952E+07 Pa

A=
I=
J=
L=
D (gear)=

d=
Totals
(z)=
(zx)=

2000 N
750 N
500 N

4.2387E+07 Pa
2.9903E+07 Pa

9.5751E-04 m^2
7.2996E-08 m^4
1.4599E-07 m^4
0.15 m
0.25 m

3.4925E-02 m
1.375 in

Stress Analysis
Point A @ Main Shaft: Calculations
Point A Fillet
Force of 2000 N (x)
(zx)torsion=
Force of 750 N (y)
(z)bending=
Force of 500 N (z)
(z)axial=
(z)bending=

Force (x)=
Force (y)=
Force (z)=
Tr/J=

Mc/I=

P/A=
Mc/I=

5.1673E+07 Pa

3.7205E+07 Pa

7.5195E+05 Pa
2.5836E+07 Pa

A=
I=
J=
L(a)=
D (gear)=

d=
Totals
(z)=
(zx)=

6.3793E+07 Pa
5.1673E+07 Pa

2000 N
750 N
500 N
6.6494E-04 m^2
3.5202E-08 m^4
7.0405E-08 m^4
0.12 m
0.25 m

2.9104E-02 m
1.15 in

Stress Analysis
Point A @ Gear: Calculations
Point A Gear
Force of 2000 N (x)
(zx)torsion=
Force of 750 N (y)
(z)bending=
Force of 500 N (z)
(z)axial=
(z)bending=

Force (x)=
Force (y)=
Force (z)=
Tr/J= 1.0092E+08 Pa

Mc/I= 6.0554E+06 Pa

P/A= 1.1749E+06 Pa
Mc/I= 5.0462E+07 Pa

A=
I=
J=
L=
D (gear)=

d=
Totals
(z)=
(zx)=

2000 N
750 N
500 N

5.7692E+07 Pa
1.0092E+08 Pa

4.2556E-04 m^2
1.4419E-08 m^4
2.8838E-08 m^4
0.01 m
0.25 m

2.3283E-02 m
0.92 in

Stress Analysis
Point B
y

z ,bending {2000 N }
z , Axial{500 N }
zy ,Shear{750 }

zy ,Torsion {2000 N }

Stress Analysis
Point B @ Base: Calculations
Point B Base
Force of 2000 N (x)
(z)bending=
(zy)torsion=

Force (x)=
Force (y)=
Force (z)=
Mc/I=
Tr/J=

7.1768E+07 Pa
2.9903E+07 Pa

Force of 750 N (y)

(zy)shear=

(-4/3)*(V/A)

-1.0444E+06 Pa

Force of 500 N (z)

(z)axial=

P/A=

5.2219E+05 Pa

A=
I=
J=
L=
D (gear)=

d=

Totals
(z)=
(zy)=

7.2290E+07 Pa
2.8859E+07 Pa

2000 N
750 N
500 N
9.5751E-04 m^2
7.2996E-08 m^4
1.4599E-07 m^4
0.15 m
0.25 m

3.4925E-02 m
1.38 in

Stress Analysis
Point B @ Main Shaft: Calculations
Point B Fillet
Force of 2000 N (x)
(z)bending=
(zy)torsion=

Force (x)=
Force (y)=
Force (z)=
Mc/I=
Tr/J=

9.9212E+07 Pa
5.1673E+07 Pa

Force of 750 N (y)

(zy)shear=

(-4/3)*(V/A)

-1.5039E+06 Pa

Force of 500 N (z)

(z)axial=

P/A=

7.5195E+05 Pa

A=
I=
J=
L=
D (gear)=

d=

Totals
(z)=
(zy)=

9.9964E+07 Pa
5.0169E+07 Pa

2000 N
750 N
500 N
6.6494E-04 m^2
3.5202E-08 m^4
7.0405E-08 m^4
0.12 m
0.25 m

2.9104E-02 m
1.15 in

Stress Analysis
Point B @ Gear: Calculations
Point B Gear
Force of 2000 N (x)
(z)bending=
(zy)torsion=

Force (x)=
Force (y)=
Force (z)=
Mc/I=
Tr/J=

1.6148E+07 Pa
1.0092E+08 Pa

Force of 750 N (y)

(zy)shear=

(-4/3)*(V/A)

-2.3498E+06 Pa

Force of 500 N (z)

(z)axial=

P/A=

1.1749E+06 Pa

A=
I=
J=
L=
D (gear)=

d=

Totals
(z)=
(zy)=

1.7323E+07 Pa
9.8574E+07 Pa

2000 N
750 N
500 N
4.2556E-04 m^2
1.4419E-08 m^4
2.8838E-08 m^4
0.01 m
0.25 m

2.3283E-02 m
0.92 in

Stress Comparison
Stress Analysis

Point A

Point B

Base

z = 42.29 MPa

z = 72.29 Mpa

zx = 29.90 MPa

zy = 28.86 Mpa

vm = 66.27 MPa

vm = 87.89 MPa

z = 63.79 MPa

z = 99.86 MPa

zx =51.67 MPa

zy = 50.17 MPa

vm = 109.91 MPa

vm = 132.45 MPa

z = 57.69 MPa

z = 17.32 MPa

zx = 100.92 MPa

zy = 98.57 MPa

*vm = 184.08 MPa

*vm = 171.61 MPa

Main Shaft

**Gear (Tip)

Safety Factor
Using the Distortion Energy Theory in the critical area in order
to get a Safety Factor of two (2.0) on the tip of the shaft:

Material

Diameter

Von Mises
(SF)

Tresca
(SF)

AISI 4150
($21.85/ft)

3.5cm (1.375in)

2.25

1.97

M4 ($24.34/ft)

3.8cm (1.5in)

2.33

2.04

*AISI 4140
($20.77/ft)

3.5cm (1.375 in)

2.25

1.97

*Safety factor calculated at the critical area (shaft tip).

Shaft Design

*Main shaft diameter=29.1 mm

**All dimensions in mm.

Questions?