MEDICAL IMAGE FUSION

Introduction to Image Processing

image processing is any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, such as photographs or frames of video. The output of image processing can be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. Image-2D Matrix To process the Image we are taking MATLAB

Image Processing Applications

Computer vision Face detection Feature detection Medical image processing Microscope image processing Morphological image processing Remote sensing Transmission in Broadcast

Medical Image Applications

Image Segmentation Micro calcification Detection Image Fusion Image Compression

Objective
To improve the edge information in Image. Fuse the edge information with the help of comparing the contrast values. To get the high information Image.

Image Fusion

Image Fusion is the process of combining relevant information from two or more images into a single image. The fused image should have more complete information which is more useful for human or machine perception. The resulting image will be more informative than any of the input images. Medical fusion image is to combine functional image (CT) and anatomical image (MRI) together into one image . This image can provide abundance information to doctor to diagnose clinical disease.

Need of Image Fusion

Several situations in image processing require high spatial and high spectral resolution in a single image. Most of the available equipment is not capable of providing such data convincingly. The image fusion techniques allow the integration of different information sources. The fused image can have complementary spatial and spectral resolution characteristics.

Basic Diagram of Fusion

MRI & CT Images

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is primarily a medical imaging technique most commonly used in radiology to visualize the structure and function of the body. MRI provides much greater contrast between the different soft tissues of the body than computed tomography (CT) does, making it especially useful in neurological (brain). Unlike CT, it uses no ionizing radiation, but uses a powerful magnetic field to align the nuclear magnetization of (usually) hydrogen atoms in water in the body. Radiofrequency fields are used to systematically alter the alignment of this magnetization, causing the hydrogen nuclei to produce a rotating magnetic field detectable by the scanner.

Continuous..

This signal can be manipulated by additional magnetic fields to build up enough information to construct an image of the body. The body is mainly composed of water molecules which each contain two hydrogen nuclei or protons. When a person goes inside the powerful magnetic field of the scanner these protons align with the direction of the field. A second radiofrequency electromagnetic field is then briefly turned on causing the protons to absorb some of its energy. When this field is turned off the protons release this energy at a radiofrequency which can be detected by the scanner.

Continuous..
Computed tomography (CT) is a medical imaging method employing tomography. Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning. Digital geometry processing is used to generate a threedimensional image of the inside of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation. CT is a sensitive method for diagnosis of abdominal diseases. It is used frequently to determine stage of cancer.

Block Diagram
Image 1 DWT Laplacian based Fusion Image 2 DWT Fused Image

IDWT

DCT
DCT- Discrete Cosine Transform Here It separates the Image to number of blocks. In these blocks first block has the low frequency DC information. vertical edges We can see clear information in low frequency sub band.

horizontal edges

Drawbacks of DCT
Only spatial correlation of the pixels inside the single 2-D block is considered and the correlation from the pixels of the neighboring blocks is neglected Impossible to completely decorrelate the blocks at their boundaries using DCT Undesirable blocking artifacts affect the reconstructed images or video frames.

DWT Sub band Structure

L L 2 H L H 2 H

2 2 2

LL

LH
HL

HH

INPUT IMAGE

1st Level DWT

1st Level DWT Output

2nd Level DWT

2nd Level DWT Output

Discrete Wavelet Transform

Wavelet Transform is a type of signal representation that can give the frequency content of the signal at a particular instant of time or spatial location. Wavelet analysis has advantages over traditional Fourier methods in analyzing physical situations where the signal contains discontinuities. Discrete wavelet transform has more efficiency compare with DCT.

Advantages of DWT over DCT

No need to divide the input coding into non-overlapping 2D blocks, it has higher compression ratios avoid blocking artifacts. Allows good localization both in time and spatial frequency domain. Better identification of which data is relevant to human perception.

Laplacianbased Fusion Rule

Wavelet multi-resolution expression maps the image to different level of pyramid structure of wavelet coefficient based on scale and direction. To implement wavelet transform image fusion scheme, first, to construct the wavelet coefficient pyramid of the two input images. Second, to combine the coefficient information of corresponding level. Finally, to implement inverse wavelet transform using the fused coefficient.

Advantages..
The Contrast' method and the proposed fusion method presents lightly better visual effect than the others. Especially, the proposed method has less disturbing details and has smooth edges such as the outlines of skulls and brain tumor.

Applications
Image Classification Aerial and Satellite imaging Medical imaging Battle field Monitoring

Concealed weapon detection Digital Camera Applications