Is a social group which distributes tasks for a collective goal.

The word itself is derived from the Greek word organon, itself derived from the better-known word ergon - as we know `organ` - and it means a compartment for a particular job

Are the products of the decision-making processes that we introduced to you as planning. The goals that managers develop through planning are typically ambitious, far-reaching, and open ended.

A Manager is the person responsible for planning and directing the work of a group of individuals, monitoring their work, and taking corrective action when necessary.

Is the decision-making process by which managers choose an organizational structure appropriate to the strategy for the organization and the environment in which members of the organization carry out that strategy.

Division of labor Departmentalization Hierarchy Coordination

Division of work Reflecting the fact that all organizational tasks, from manufacturing to management, can be subdivided.

Department
A department is a part of a larger

organization with a specific responsibility.

Refers to the process of grouping activities into departments. Division of labour creates specialists who need coordination. This coordination is facilitated by grouping specialists together in departments.

A pattern of multiple levels of an organizational structure, at the top of which is the senior-ranking manager(or managers) responsible for the operations of the entire organization; other, lowerranking managers are located down the various levels of the organization.

Span of management control Chain of command

Refers to the number of people and departments

that report directly to a particular manager.

The plan that specifies who reports to whom in an

organization: such reporting lines are prominent features of any organization chart.

Is the process of integrating the activities of separate departments in order to pursue organizational goals effectively. Without coordination, people would lose sight of their roles within the total organization and be tempted to pursue their own departmental interest at the expense of organizational goal.

Differentiation
Differences in attitudes and working styles,

arising naturally among members of different departments, that can complicate the coordination of an organizations activities.

Integration
The term Laurence and Lorsch use in place

of coordination, to designate the degree to which members of various departments work together in a unified manner.

Communication Coordination

Is the key to effective coordination. Is directly dependent on the acquisition, transmission

and processing of information.

Three types of approaches to achieving effective coordination

Using basic management techniques Boundary spanning Reducing the need for coordination

Is a frame work that managers device for dividing and coordinating the activities of members of an organization. Because strategies and environmental circumstances differ from one organization to the next, there are a variety of possible organizational structures.

 The decision-making process by which

managers choose an organizational structure appropriate to the strategy for the organization and the environment of the members.

Classical Approach Task-Technology Approach Environmental Approach

Most efficient and effective organizational design had a hierarchical structure in which members of the organization are guided by their actions in a sense of duty. Evolves into BUREAUCRACY.

Organizational Design which considers the production technology being used. Smaller Unit = Less Organizational Design Categories of T.T. Approach

Unit Production & Small Batch Production Large Batch & Mass Production Process production

Unit Production
Production of individual items tailored to

customers specs

Small Batch
Products made in small quantities

Large Batch Production & Mass Production

Manufacture of products in large quantities

Production of materials that are sold by weight or volume.

Mechanistic Approach
Organization are broken into specialized

task, more defined objectives

Organic System
Individuals works in a group setting.

Organizational restructuring which results in decreasing the size of the organization and often results in a flatter organizational structure.

Functional Organization Product / Market Organization

Division by Product Division by Geography Division by Customer

Matrix Organization
INFORMAL Organization

A form of departmentalization in which individuals engaged in one functional activity.

Product Organization
Organization of company that brings

together those involved in a product

Market Organization
Organization of company that brings

together those involved in a market

Division
Large organization department that acts a

separate one.

Division by Product manufactured

Division by Market

Division by Geography
By location, used by international

companies.

Matrix Structure
Each employee reports to both a functional

or division manager and to a project or group manager.

Undocumented and officially unrecognized relationship between members of organization.