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Comparison/Contrast Patterns
Comparison: Explains how items, people, or events are alike. Contrast: Explains how items, people, or events are different.
Similarities: Both require attendance. Both give essay exams. Both are fair. Both have a sense of humor.
Differences: Wright grades on term papers. Miller grades on class participation. Wright is younger. Miller is older.
Comparison Pattern
Item A Similarity 1 Similarity 2 Similarity 3
2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
Item B
Contrast Pattern
Item A Item B
Difference 1 Difference 2
Cause-Effect Pattern
Writers use the cause/effect pattern to explain why an event or action causes another event or action.
2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers.
Effect B
Effect C
School Closings
Accidents
effect
consequently as a result one result is therefore thus
Answering Questions about ComparisonContrast and Cause and Effect Use transitional words to help you identify the patterns. The topic sentence of a paragraph often reveals or suggests the pattern. If you are having difficulty sorting out causes and effects, try numbering the actions in the order in which they occurred.
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