Presentation on personality

Personality

Personality is used to refer to the capacity of a person for popularity , friendliness or charisma. It refers to the essential differences between one individual and another. Therefore , personality consists of the mannerisms , habits and actions that make a person an individual and serve to make him distinct from everyone else.

Some personality development tips

Have a good communication skills.
Be properly dressed to have self confidence (to overcome your feelings of inferiority).

Keep up to date on current topics.

Be precise and concise Maintain eye contact (this tells other that you are confident and ready to engage). Have a positive attitude so that people tend to avoid others who have a negative attitude about things.

Personality Theories Psychoanalytic personality theory Social Theories

Trait Theories

Psychoanalytic Theory

id

Freud, proposed that every individual personality is the product of a struggle among three interacting forces are id , ego , superego.

superego

ego

id
It is the source of strong inborn drives and urges such as aggression and sex. The id operates on what is called the pleasure principle , that is , it acts to avoid tension and seeks immediate pleasure. For example , when an individual is hot and thirsty his id would urge him to grab something cold to drink. this would be no concern about how the drink was acquired or whether it belongs to someone else. Example is fantasy which plays the important role in the operation of pleasure principle of id. It is used in promotion

of various products like perfume and sports footwear etc.

Ego
The ego comes into being because of the limitations of id in dealing with the real world. Through learning and experience , the ego develops the individuals capabilities of realistic thinking and ability to deal appropriately with his environment. It operates on what is called the reality principle , which is capable of postponing the release of tension until that time when it will be effectively directed at coping with the external environment. For example , although the hungry individuals id would encourage him to just take food away from his friend , the ego might reason that asking for the food may take longer but may also result in getting a greater portion. Ego is said to be the executive of personality.

Superego
Superego is the third component of personality . It constitutes the moral part of the individuals psychic structure through internalizing the values of the society. It represents the ideal by defining what is right and good, and it influences the individual to strive for perfection. It acts to control basic strivings of the id which could disrupt the social system and influences the ego to strive for socially approved goals rather than purely realistic ones. As an example , people often compliment their friend on their taste in selecting new clothes or other products . The ego might influence such behavior because it is instrumental in maintaining a friendship . superego would also have an influence , because the activity is something that our society has accepted as proper and good behavior while the id is actually fostering feelings of jealousy.

Social Theory
It is also called the new Freudian school , viewed individuals as striving to overcome feelings of inferiority and searching for ways to obtain love , security and brotherhood. This study is based on theoretical scheme of Karen Horney. Horney identified ten major needs which helps the individual for solution to their problems in developing a personality and dealing with others in the environment. These ten needs were classified in three major orientation.

CAD

It is stand for compliant , aggressive , detached orientation

Compliant orientation Aggressive orientation Detached orientation

 Compliant orientation
Those who move toward people and stress the need for love , approval and affection .These individual tends to exhibit large amounts of empathy , humility and are unselfish.

Aggressive orientation
Those who move against people and stress the need for power , strength and the ability to manipulates others.

Detached orientation
Those who move away from people .these individual stress the needs for independence , freedom and self reliance in their dealing with others.

Trait Theories
introversion

feeling

extraversion

thinking

sensing

intuiting

1.Introversion It refers to a tendency to prefer the world inside oneself. The more obvious aspects of introversion are shyness, a distaste for social functions, and a love of privacy. 2.Extraversion It is the tendency to look to the outside world especially people, for one's pleasures. Extraverts are usually outgoing and they enjoy social activities, but they don't like to be alone. The majority of people in the world are extraverts, so introverts often feel a bit out of it.

3.Sensing Sensing types , as the name implies , get all their information about life from their senses. They tend to be realistic, down-to-earth people, but they tend to see everything in rather simplistic, concrete, black-or-white terms. 4.Intuiting people tend to get their information from intuition. This means that they tend to be a little out of touch with the more solid aspects of reality . Intuiting people are often artistic and can be rather philosophical.

5.Thinking people make their decisions on the basis of thinking reasoning , logic , step-by-step problem solving. This works very well for physical problems, but can leave something to be desired when dealing with something as complex as people. 6.Feeling people make their decisions based on their feelings. While this doesn't works well when trying to fix your car or your computer, feelings are a kind of intuition that works very well when dealing with people. Half of all people are thinking and half are feeling , but the proportions differ when we start looking at gender : The majority of men are thinkers and the majority of women are feelers. This goes along well with old stereotypes as well as recent research.

Trait is based upon three assumptions

(1) Individuals possess relatively stable behavioral tendencies.

(2) People differ in the degree to

which they possess these tendencies.

(3)When identified and measured , these relative differences between individuals are useful in characterizing their personalities.

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