PROBLEM SOLVING

Selesai? Tak selesai?

Problem!!
PROBLEM!! Tension! Tension! mASaLaH!

HJH. WAHIDAH ZAKARIA

PROBLEM SOLVING

A problem is a situation that an individual wants to resolve arises but no solution is readily apparent. It is also a situation in which the individual is confronted by something he/she cannot apply any model to solve for the unknown. It is the process by which the unfamiliar situation is resolved.
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Importance of problem solving skills

Enhance self access learning. Relate mathematics with daily life. To develop the concept Integrated use of thinking skills For communication. Enrich our life in our recreational pursuits. For mathematics learners about `word problem

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Polyas Problem Solving Model

Four Steps process UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEM

DEVISING A PLAN CARRYING OUT THE PLAN LOOKING BACK

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THE FLOW CHART ABOUT PS

Start

i. ii. iii.

Read and understang Get the information given Clearify the problem

Understand the problem

Divise a plan
Solve
NO

Devise a Plan
Carry out the Plan

The problem can be solved by using the Strategy?

Yes

Check the answer.

No

Look back and reflect

Correct solution
Yes

THE END
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Method used for Problem Solving

Suggessted strategies
Simulation Draw a diagram
Make a Table
Guessing & Checking Experimenting
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Simplify the problem

Working Backward

Analogy
Identify the Sub-goals Identify the Pattern

Simulation

Simulate the action

Easy to understand the problem

Use suitable object

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A man wants to move his sheep, a wolf and a box of cabbage across the river in his boat. The man can bring only one of them on his boat for the journey. Please help the man in the boat to move the sheep, the wolf and the cabbage to other side of the river.

Notice that: Wolf eats the sheep and the sheep eats the cabbage when the man is not arround.

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Nota:
1. CHOOSE 3 PERSONS TO ACT AS A MAN , WOLF AND A SHEEP

2. Prepare a cabbage. 3. Fix the river bank 4. Act the situation.

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Draw a diagram

Use the diagram to solve problems

Help pupils to know the solving method.

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PROBLEM
In

a room with 10 people, everyone shake hands with everybody else exactly once. How many hand shakes are there?

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Siti Khadijahs salary is RM1200. She spent salary and kept the remaining

of his monthly

in the bank. How much money did

Siti Khadijah banked in every month?

RM400
2 3

RM1200

RM400 RM400
2 3

2 3

1 4

1 Remaining 3
2 3

RM100 RM100 RM100 RM100

1 1 4 4
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Kept in bank

Looking for Pattern

Pattern appear in many forms such as number pattern,
geometric pattern, word pattern and letter pattern.

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10

What is the value of x, y and z? Solution See the difference between the numbers.

1
2
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3
3

6
4

10
5

15 x
6

y 21
7

z 28

Looking for Pattern

Exercise 1.

List the next three terms to continue the pattern in each of following: i) 4, 8, 12,__,___,____ ii) 1, 2, 4, 8, ___,___, ___ iii) 1, 4, 9, 16,___,___, ___

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Guessing and Checking (Cuba Jaya )

Guess , Checkthe answer right @ wrong

How

Trial and Error

Systematic

Inferens

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In a farm, there are 44 animals consisting of some chickens and rabbits The number of legs are 100. How many chickens and how many rabbits are There?

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Solution

First Guess

22 chickens

22 2 legs = 44 legs 22 4 legs = 88 legs Jumlah 132 legs

22 rabbits 44 animals
INCORRECT

(more legs) Strategy : increase the number of chickens And decrease the number of rabbits
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Solution

Second guessing

32 chickens

32 2 legs = 64 legs 12 4 legs = 48 legs Total 112 legs

12 rabbits 44
Still Inccorrect

(More legs)

Strategy :??
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Solution

Third Guessing

40Chickens

40 2 legs = 80 legs 4 4 legs = 16 legs Total 96 legs

4 rabbits 44

ALMOST CORRECT

Strategy : Decrease the number of chickens and

Increase the number arnab of rabbits
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(The no. of legs are still sufficent)

Solution

Fourth Guessing

38Chickens

38 2 legs = 76 legs 6 4 legs = 24 legs Total 100 legs

6 rabbits 44 ekor
The answer is correct!

Congratulation!!

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Making a Table/Chart

Helps pupils to organize and present information in table Sometimes it is easier to solve problem by listing out some or all the possibilities Convenient way to organize a list. Used to summarize data or to see a pattern

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Example

You save $3 on Monday. Each day after that you save twice as much as you saved the day before. If this pattern continues, how much would you save on Friday?

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SOLUTION
Step 1: Understand the problem On Monday saved $3. Next day -save twice from the day before. What question do we have to answer? The sum of money that we finally save on Friday. Step 2: Devise a plan List the amount of money you save each day. Step 3: Carry out the plan Making a table

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CARRY OUT THE PLAN

Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
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Amount of Money Saved $3 $6 $12 $24 $48

MAKING A TABLE
Example: Of the 25 soccer games that Chelsea played, they tied 3 games and won 2 more than they lost. How many games did Chelsea win ? Answer the question using making a table method.

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SOLUTION
Win 8 Lost 6 Tied 3 Total 17 X

10
12

8
10

3
3

21
25

X
/

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Simplify The Problem

Sesuatu

masalah yang rumit perlu dipermudahkan faktanya terlebih dahulu.

Kaedah

yang mudah itu digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah asal.

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Penyelesaian
Cari jumlah luas tapak bangunan ini ?
10 m 4m
6m 4m

A
B

6m

6m 10 m

C
6m

8m

Luas tapak A = 10 m x 4 m = 40 m2 Luas tapak B = 20 m x 6 m = 120 m2 Luas tapak C = 6 m x 8 m = 48m Luas tapak ABC
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208 m

Logical Reasoning

Menaakul mengikut syarat-syarat yang diberi Menggunakan fikiran yang logik

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The product of four numbers (i.e 1,2,3,4,5 6,7,8,9 and 10) in sequence is 3024. Use your logical reasoning to find the numbers?

1 65 4 8
3

9
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710

Solution a. The product does not have 0 digit in place value ones, therefore 10 is not included in these numbers.

b. Number 5 is also not one of the four numbers because the answer does not end with number 5 or 0 c. The four sequence numbers may be 1,2,3,4 or 6,7,8,9. d. 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 3024
e. 6 x 7 x 8 x 9 = 3024 f. So the answers are 6 , 7 , 8 and 9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Work backward
The last information is given. Determine what had happen before that . Use the strategy to solve the question .

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Example
Datuk Hassan said If you multiply my age by 3, add the product with 17 and then divided by 2, the answer is 100. How old is Datuk Hassan?

3
Nombor Asal

+ 17

61

183
3

200
- 17
2

100

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Mengguna Algebra

Kenal pasti masalah

Membentuk satu persamaan

Jawapan diperolehi melalui penyelesaian masalah TAHAP YANG AGAK TINGGI
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Penyelesaian
Seekor kera bertanya mengenai umur seekor kucing yang dijumpainya. Kucing itu berkata, Semasa saya berumur 8 bulan,bapa saya berumur 34 bulan. Sekarang umur bapa saya tiga kali umur saya. Kera itu pun menggarukan kepalanya. Bolehkah anda menolongnya mencari umur kucing itu?

Membentuk persamaan
Anggaplah umur kucing itu sebagai x Dari maklumat yang diberi ;

3x - x = 34 - 8 2x = 26 x = 13
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Analogy
Is
use to solve mathematics problem which contains solution step similar to other previous mathematics problem. While solving such new mathematics problem, the teacher can draw the pupils attention based on their prevoius experience.

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Examples
A. In a room with 5 people, everyone shake hands with everybody else exactly once. How many hand shakes are there?
Compare problem A and problem B. B. There are 5 points at the circumference. Every point is joined by straight line. How many straight line are there?. Solution for problem A help to Solve problem B. The same method can be used to Find the total number of matches in a football games.
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Contoh-contoh Masalah Tambahan (Selesaikan dengan pelbagai strategi)

Bagaimana kamu hendak menyusun lapan angka 8 supaya hasil tambahnya bersamaan 1000?

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JAWAPAN
888 88 8 8 + 8 1000
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Contoh-contoh Masalah Tambahan (Selesaikan dengan pelbagai strategi)

Kepala seekor lembu sedang menghala ke utara. Ia memusing separuh bulatan ke belakang, kemudian satu pusingan lengkap (360o) lagi ke kanannya. Sekarang ekornya menghala ke mana?
U

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Contoh-contoh Masalah Tambahan (Selesaikan dengan pelbagai strategi)

Bahagikan gambarajah di bawah kepada empat bahagian yang kongruen.Anda tidak dibenarkan membahagi dengan garis lengkok.

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Jawapan

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Contoh-contoh Masalah Tambahan (Selesaikan dengan pelbagai strategi)

Cari nombor-nombor yang diwakili oleh abjad di bawah.

+
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F I T O E I G

V E WO N E H T

9 0 7 1 8 2 6 + 6 4 1 1 0 5 3 8
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Contoh-contoh Masalah Tambahan (Selesaikan dengan pelbagai strategi)

Tuliskan angka 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 dan 9 sekali sahaja ke dalam kotak di bawah supaya apabila nombor-nombor yang terbentuk itu ditambah hasilnya ialah 999.

+
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9 9 9 1

3
Jawapan

7
9 9

6
8

9
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SARANAN KEPADA GURU Membimbing pelajar merancang strategi untuk penyelesaian masalah Mewujudkan keinginan mencuba di kalangan pelajar Memberi ruang dan peluang kepada pelajar untuk berbincang Menggalakkan penggunaaan lakaran, membina carta atau peta minda Memberi penekanan kepada pemikiran kretif dan kritis Menyarankan strategi-strategi lain sekiranya mengalami kebuntuan Menimbulkan suasana sukses
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Insyaallah ,

Jumpa Lagi Di Lain Masa

TERIMA KASIH

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