Lecture 2

Making Effective Oral
Presentations
Engr. Shafqat Ullah

WEC WahCantt
1
Shafqat Ullah Summer 08 1
Making Effective Oral Presentations
• Introduction
• Four Basic Steps
 Strategy
 Structure
 Style
 Question and Challenges
• Three Things to Remember
• A Checklist for your Presentation

Introduction
• What Is Podium Panic ?
• Everyone experiences stage fright, speech anxiety, or
talking terror.
• Surveys show that fear of speaking in front of groups is one
of the greatest fears people have.
• Some surveys find people actually claiming that the thought
of giving a speech is more frightening than falling off a cliff,
financial difficulties, snakes, and even death.

Podium Panic
• Your audience understands your nervousness;

they know what you are feeling and will forgive it .
• Nervousness is usually invisible.
• Most speakers who describe themselves as

nervous appear confident and calm to the
audience

Podium Panic
• Check out the room first; check out the space, the
equipment, the lights.
• Begin with a slow, well-prepared introduction;

have a confident and clear conclusion.
• Most important: be prepared and practice.

FOUR BASIC STEPS

1. STRATEGY
• Understand your purpose and role.

• Tailor your message to the audience.
• Clarify your objectives is it to
– motivate?
– inform?
– persuade?
– teach?
FOUR BASIC STEPS STRATEGY

Cont...
• Develop a logically compelling case for
your plan.
• Reach a common goal.
• Research your topic.
FOUR BASIC STEPS STRATEGY

2. STRUCTURE
• The audience needs to have these basic

questions answered.
– Why should I pay attention to you when I can

think about more interesting things?
– Now that I am listening, why should I care

about this issue?
FOUR BASIC STEPS STRUCTURE

Cont…
– I agree with the significance of the topic, but

how are you justifying your ideas?
– So, now that I am convinced, what do you

want from me?

Cont…
• organize your ideas by…
– Begin by placing your topic in context.
– Provide the intended, expected benefits.
– Organize the body of the presentation logically.

Cont…
– plan ways to encourage audience participation
– maintain credibility
– conclude on a "high note"
FOUR BASIC STEPS STRUCTURE ORGANIZATION

3. STYLE
• Communication is both intellectual and emotional
• Organizing ideas is part of the task
• Gain and maintain attention
FOUR BASIC STEPS STYLE

Cont…
• Convey "controlled enthusiasm"
• Audience mirror your attitude
• Don't confuse enthusiasm with loudness
• Candidly discuss pros and cons
FOUR BASIC STEPS STYLE

4.QUESTIONS AND CHALLENGES
• Don't use questions to embarrass or badger.
• Avoid asking risky questions.
• Make the interchange a mutually satisfying

experience.
FOUR BASIC STEPS QUESTIONS AND CHALLENGES

Cont…
• Take control of the presentation.
• Avoid isolated one-on-one dialogues.
• When challenged, be candid.
FOUR BASIC STEPS QUESTIONS AND CHALLENGES

Three Things to Remember
Use visual aids where you can
Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse
The audience will only remember

three messages
THINGS TO REMEMBER
Why should you use visual aids?
The old adage that "a picture is worth

a thousand words" is as true today as
it has always been.
VISUAL AIDS
Reason
VISUAL AIDS
Making the presentation memorable
• In a Study at the Wharton Research Centre they

showed that using visual slides had a dramatic
effect on message retention.
• “The effect of using visuals is truly staggering! “
VISUAL AIDS
And Results Show
VISUAL AIDS
Achieving your objectives
• This study by Decker Communications showed

that by using visuals in your presentation you
could expect roughly to double the chance of
achieving your objectives
VISUAL AIDS
Use visual aids
VISUAL AIDS
Rehearse
"If you fail to prepare, you are prepared to fail"
REHEARSE
Inadequate rehearsal and
the audience
REHEARSE
Rehearsing Tips
• You should rehearse at least four times.

• Make sure that one of your rehearsals is in front
of a really scary audience.
The Rule of Three
– family
– friends
– partners
– colleagues
REHEARSE
Rehearsing Tips
• Rehearse against the clock
REHEARSE
Rehearsing Tips
• Video or tape record yourself
REHEARSE
The Rule of Three
• We remember three things

– Example
• The audience are likely to remember only

three things from your presentation - plan in
advance what these will be.
THE RULE OF THREE

Use of lists of three
• The rule of three is used every where.
– Stop, look and listen - Public safety announcement
– "Friends, Romans, Countrymen lend me your ears" - William

Shakespeare
– Our priorities are Education, Education, Education" - Tony

Blair
THE RULE OF THREE

THE RULE OF THREE
• In Presentations "Less is More"
• If you have four points to get across - cut

one out. They won't remember it anyway.
THE RULE OF THREE

A Checklist for your Presentation
• Start preparing early; don't wait until the last few days to
prepare
• Think about your audience.
• Organize your presentation clearly and simply
A CHECKLIST FOR YOUR PRESENTATION

A Checklist for your Presentation
• Use supporting materials to flesh out main points
• Sound spontaneous, conversational, enthusiastic .
• Cope with Stage Fright by Remembering
A CHECKLIST FOR YOUR PRESENTATION


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Making Effective Oral

Engr. Shafqat Ullah

Shafqat Ullah Summer 08 22

Shafqat Ullah Summer 08 33

• Your audience understands your nervousness;

• Nervousness is usually invisible.

• Most speakers who describe themselves as

Shafqat Ullah Summer 08 44

• Begin with a slow, well-prepared introduction;

• Most important: be prepared and practice.

Shafqat Ullah Summer 08 55

Shafqat Ullah Summer 08 66

• Understand your purpose and role.

FOUR BASIC STEPS STRATEGY

• Reach a common goal.

• Research your topic.

FOUR BASIC STEPS STRATEGY

• The audience needs to have these basic

– Why should I pay attention to you when I can

– Now that I am listening, why should I care

FOUR BASIC STEPS STRUCTURE

– I agree with the significance of the topic, but

– So, now that I am convinced, what do you

FOUR BASIC STEPS STRUCTURE

• organize your ideas by…

– Begin by placing your topic in context.

– Provide the intended, expected benefits.

– Organize the body of the presentation logically.

FOUR BASIC STEPS STRUCTURE

– plan ways to encourage audience participation

– conclude on a "high note"

FOUR BASIC STEPS STRUCTURE ORGANIZATION

• Communication is both intellectual and emotional

• Organizing ideas is part of the task

• Gain and maintain attention

FOUR BASIC STEPS STYLE

• Convey "controlled enthusiasm"

• Audience mirror your attitude

• Don't confuse enthusiasm with loudness

• Candidly discuss pros and cons

FOUR BASIC STEPS STYLE

• Don't use questions to embarrass or badger.

• Avoid asking risky questions.

• Make the interchange a mutually satisfying

FOUR BASIC STEPS QUESTIONS AND CHALLENGES

• Take control of the presentation.

• Avoid isolated one-on-one dialogues.

• When challenged, be candid.

FOUR BASIC STEPS QUESTIONS AND CHALLENGES

Use visual aids where you can

Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse

The audience will only remember

The old adage that "a picture is worth

• In a Study at the Wharton Research Centre they

• “The effect of using visuals is truly staggering! “

• This study by Decker Communications showed

"If you fail to prepare, you are prepared to fail"

• You should rehearse at least four times.

• Rehearse against the clock

• Video or tape record yourself

• We remember three things

• The audience are likely to remember only

THE RULE OF THREE