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• self-consciousness
• freedom to act and engage in purposive behavior.
• reasons fro actions and ability to appreciate reasons for
actions
• capacity to communicate with humans using language
• capacity to make moral judgments
• rationality
Effects of Research on Animal
Welfare
Cost top the animal- avoiding cruelty
to animal subjects of research
3 R’s
• Reduce… the pain and used in research
• Refine… the endpoints and procedures
of the experiment
• Replace… animals with non-animal
models whenever possible suffering and
the number of animals.
Purposes/ Benefits
What are the purpose and benefits of
the procedures?
Consider…
Are your judgments governed by a:
• Teleological perspective (the ends justify
the means
• Deontological perspective (individual
autonomy/ animal rights are more
important than the potential benefits.
What is the most consistent
principle/ rationale you can offer to
defend your approach?
Investigator Responsibilities
Design experiments with concern for
animal welfare.
Administer research protocols with
concern for animal welfare.
Report results to the scientific
community.
Careful Design of Experiments
Scientific merit
Compliance with animal use and care
policies
Attention to 3R principles (reduce,
refine, replace)
Procedures that minimize animal
discomfort, distress and pain.
Administration of Protocols
Adequate training of research personnel
in:
• Animal handling
• Specific experimental procedures (eg.
Injections, blood collection, anesthesia)
• Animal health and care
• Knowledge of research protocol
Minimize exposure to:
• Animal-inflicted injuries
• Zoonotic diseases
• Biological, chemical and or radiation hazards.
Reporting Results
Research results cannot be beneficial
if they sit on a shelf!
Researchers should report their
efforts to conduct animal research in
a humane manner, including
approval from the campus animal
use and care committee
How can I help stop the pain and
suffering of animals?
The use of interactive 3-D computer
models, video footage, and plastic
life-size models in schools.
Speak out against all forms of animal
exploitation and cruelty.
Buy only cruelty-free makeup,
toiletries, and household products.
• Buy only cruelty-free makeup, toiletries,
and household products.
• Products that are not tested on animals.
Prepared by:
Glein M. Sayat
Q3A BS Biology