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Abraham left Haran for Canaaan on a promise from God that he would give him land and descendants in that country. Jacob had received new blessings from God while he was trying to settle in Canaan. Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and their people were nomads, poor and uneducated.
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Accordingly, taskmasters were set over the Israelites to oppress them with forced labor. Thus they had to build for Pharaoh (the title of the king of Egypt) the supply cities of Pithom and Raamses. Yet the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and spread.
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The Egyptians, then, dreaded the Israelites and reduced them to cruel slavery, making life bitter for them with hard work in mortar and brick and all kinds of field work the whole cruel fate of slaves.
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The Only God, Jealous and Just does not tolerate any divine image. Gods people will have to fight rather than make pacts with the civilization and the religion of the Canaanites.
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After Moses death, Joshua, with part of Israel, conquers a portion of the land of Canaan. The members of the 12 tribes, still very independent, became aware of their identity in the following century.
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The Judges are the 12 heroes of Israel. They were not magistrates, but military leaders sent by God to aid and to relive his people in time of external danger. They exercised their activities in the interval of time between the death of Joshua and the institution of the monarchy in Israel.
The Major Judges are: (1) Othniel (4) Gideon (2) Ehud (5) Jephthah (3) Deborah (6) Samson The Minor Judges are: (1) Tola (2) Jair (3) Ibzan
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h. Destruction of Samaria/ Assyrian Exile (722 BC) Division of the Kingdom (1Kgs 12-22)
The Kingdom of Israel is destroyed by the Assyrians. Its capital Samaria is captured and the elite deported.
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The Kingdom of Judah is destroyed by the Babylonians under King Nebuchadnezzar. Jerusalem and the Temple are burned and the elite exiled to Babylon.
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Cyrus, the founder of the Persian Empire, conquers Babylon and liberates the Jews who had been exiled there.
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The great persecution by the Syrians which the Jews endured aroused the energies of the entire nation. Armed resistance, under the leadership of the Maccabees, obtains religious peace. The Jews even succeeded in becoming an independent nation again.
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In the following century, the struggle for power brings about the intervention of foreigners: the Roman Empire imposes its domination, in a disguised form during the reign of Herod the Great and more openly when he dies.
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