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DARPA CIPhER Program Industrial Advisory Board Meeting January 7, 2011 SMU, Dallas TX
Prof. Marc P. Christensen, Prof. Volkan Otugen, Prof. Duco Jansen, Prof. Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, Prof. Guenter W. Gross, Prof. Dustin Tyler, Prof. Duncan MacFarlane
Mission: Establish a focused university & industry collaborative research center with the mission to: research, prototype, & test novel photonic interfaces to neurons & nerve cells for the purposes of developing highly capable implants for advanced prosthetic devices, novel treatments, and improving understanding of applied neuroscience.
The Challenge
Problem: 1,286 Soldiers / 50,000 Civilian Amputees 259,000 Spinal Cord Injuries $500K-$750K Lifetime Costs Electronic Neural Interface for Neuroscience, Brain-Machine Interfaces and Prosthetics:
High impedance, high noise Not MRI compatible Long term unit recording
Is there a better way to sense and stimulate neural activity? (preferably without metal, semiconductor or retroviruses)
Vision
Complete Neurophotonic Interface
The Approach
Brain
Brain perceives feedback from sensory nerves Brain creates nerve signal of motion intent
Electro-chemical wave modifies microsphere WGMs causing change in optical signal in fiber
Electrical feedback signals are converted into optical signals targeting specific sensory nerves
Prosthetic arm moves and sensors provide electrical feedback signals of pressure, temperatures, etc.
Technology Comparison
State of the Art: This Effort:
High impedance High noise MRI compatibility issues Problem with long term unit recording Established approach Limited Bandwidth
Improved Interface Reduced noise MRI compatible Known Biocompatible Materials Revolutionary Leverages Optical Networking BW
The Team
Prof. Tindaro Ioppolo Department of Mechanical Engineering Southern Methodist University Research Professor
Mission: Establish a focused university & industry collaborative research center with the mission to: research, prototype, & test novel photonic interfaces to neurons & nerve cells for the purposes of developing highly capable implants for advanced prosthetic devices, novel treatments, and improving understanding of applied neuroscience.
WGM Phenomenon
Term coined by Lord Rayleigh who visited the St. Paul's Cathedral
A whisper can be heard by someone standing against the opposite wall, but not by someone standing at the center of the room
Light undergoes total internal reflection It is trapped inside the sphere Light travels much like a whisper around the whispering gallery
PD
By monitoring WGM shifts the change in the physical condition can be determined with extreme resolution Can be extended to sensor networks
Spectrum
50 um PDMS sphere
To laser controller
10%/90% Splitter
To PD amplifier
DAQ
Labview
Photodiode
Prof. Guenter W. Gross Center for Network Neuroscience University of North Texas UNT Site Director
Mission: Establish a focused university & industry collaborative research center with the mission to: research, prototype, & test novel photonic interfaces to neurons & nerve cells for the purposes of developing highly capable implants for advanced prosthetic devices, novel treatments, and improving understanding of applied neuroscience.
SA
Optical probe holder with fiber optics and sensor bead (enhanced with color)
CAP
CAP
CAP:compound action potential (~3 mV) S: stimulus pulse; SA: stimulus artifact
Multichannel Workstation
200 uM Zn++
Living cells on MEAs. Phase contrast. Arrows in point to electrode craters. Bar: 40 um. Lower panel: living cell and subsequent necrosis from zinc toxicity.
Time stamp display (raster) for all discriminated units. Colors represent different units on the same electrode (4 max)
ACTION POTENTIAL SIGNATURES
network area
Toxicity Testing
40 mm
Numbered electrodes
WGM Bead
Chamber Amplifiers Gas and Water Thermocouple Probe
uManipulator