Mandibular Second Molar

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Mandibular Second Molar

is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular first molars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular third molars. This is true only in permanent teeth. deciduous (baby) teeth, the mandibular second molar is the last tooth in the mouth and does not have a third molar behind it. 4/21/12

In

there are usually four cusps on mandibular second molars: two on the buccal (side nearest the cheek) and two palatal (side nearest the palate). are great differences between the deciduous (baby) mandibular molars and those of the permanent mandibular molars, even though their function are similar. The permanent mandibular molars are not considered to have any teeth that precede it. being named molars, the deciduous molars are followed by permanent premolars.

There

Despite

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TOOTH NOTATION
o

Permanent Second molar Notation UNIVERSAL: RIGHT: 31 LEFT :18 INTERNATIONAL(FDI) RIGHT: 47 LEFT: 37

Deciduous

Second molar

Notation
o

UNIVERSAL: RIGHT: T LEFT : K

INTERNATIONAL(FDI) RIGHT: LEFT: 75

85
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Age of eruption:
First

evidence of calcification= 2 - 3 yr completed= 7-8 yr 11-13 yr

Enamel

Eruption=

Root

completed= 14-15 yr

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Tooth Surfaces:

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Buccal aspect:
The

crown is somewhat shorter cervecoocclusally and narrower mesiodistally than is the first molar. crown and root show a tendency toward greater overall length but are not always longer. one development groove lies buccallythe buccal developmental groove. groove acts as a line of demarcation between the mesiobuccal and the distobuccal cusps, which are about equal in their mesiodistal measurement. 4/21/12

The

Only The

 The The

cervical line buccally in many instances points sharply toward the root bifurcation. roots may be shorter than those of the first molar, but they vary considerably in this and in their development generally. roots are usually closer together, and their axes are nearly parallel. may spread as much as those of the first molar, or they may be fused for all or part of their length.

The

They

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Lingual aspect:
Differences in detail between the mandibular second molar and the mandibular first molar, to be noted from the lingual aspect.
1.

the crown and root of the mandibular second molar converge lingually but to a slight degree; little of the mesial or distal surfaces may therefore be seen from this aspect. the mesiodistal calibration at the cervix lingually is always greater accordingly than that of the first molar. The curvatures mesially and distally on the crown that discribe the contact areas are more noticeble from the lingual aspect. They prove to 4/21/12

2.

3.

Mesial aspect:
The

cervical ridge bucally on the crown portion is in most instances less pronounced, and the occlusal maybe more constrected buccolingually. cervical line shows less curvature, being straight and regular in outline buccolingually. mesial root is somewhat pointed apically. If part of the distal root is in sight, it is seen buccally. In the first molar, when the distal root is in sight from the mesial aspect, it is in view lingually.
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The The

Distal aspect:
From

the distal aspect, the second molar is similar in form to the first molar except for the absent of a distal cusp and distal buccal groove. contact area is centered on the distal buccolingually and is placed equidistant from cervical line and marginal ridge.

The

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Occlusal aspect:
The

occlusal aspect of the mandibular second molar differs considerably from that of the first molar. variation serve as marks of identity. small distal cusp of the first molar is not present in the distobuccal lobe development is just as pronounce in sometimes more so than that of the mesiobuccal lobe. general the cusp slopes on the occlusal surface are not as smooth as those found on the first molars because they are roughened by many supplemental grooves radiating from
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This The

In

Characteristics of mandibular second molar from the occlusal aspect:

1.

Many of them are rectangular from the occlusal aspect. Many show considerable prominence cervically on the mesiobuccal lobe. Most 2nd molar exhibit more curvature of the outline of the crown distally than mesially, showing a simecircular outline to the distoocclusal surface in comparison with the square outline mesialy. The cusp ridge of the distobuccal cusp lies buccal to the cusp ridge of the mesiobuccal. 4/21/12

2.

3.

4.

Types traits that distinguish mandibular 1st from mandibular 2nd molar:
Mandibular

2nd molars which have 4 cusp, (MB=1, DB=2, ML=3, DL=4) with a cross pattern of occlusal grooves versus mandibular 1st molar which have 5 cusps, the same cusps as the 2nd molar which have 4 cusps plus a smaller distal cusps (D=5) with a zigzag occlusal pattern.

Mandibular 2nd molar

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