Operating Systems

By Rajesh Purohit Associate Professor, Dept of CSE, MBM Engg College, JNV University, Jodhpur

Computer is :

A Perfect Slave No Intelligence Only Memory

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Computer: Who Computes

Computation v/s Calculation

Example
5 + 4 X 2=? 18 or 13

Example Cont
5 +8 = 13 If do on calculator 5 + 4 gives 9 * 2 gives 18 i.e. wrong

Computation
Arithmetic Calculation and Logical Decision

Computer
A computer is a device that accepts input, processes data, and produces an output according to a series of stored instructions. Computers are made of 2 main parts hardware and software.
Hardware is the physical pieces of a computer Software is a program or operating system that an be installed on a computer

Block Diagram

Computer System Components

Hardware: microprocessor Peripheral devices: input and output Software: programs

Components

Hardware Software

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Hardware v/s Software

System Implementation Using Only Hardware Using Software over Hardware Exp. Hardware

Software

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Example Contd

QUEUE PLEASE
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Software
The programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do. System software allows a computer to operate and run application software. Application software performs specific tasks or applications.

System v/s Application Software

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Type of Software
Operating System Language Processor Utility Program Application Programs Personal Computing Software

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Memory
A place where information is stored in such a way that it can be retrieved back whenever required.

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Memory Classification
CPU Connected : Primary, Secondary Write Permission : ROM, RWM Access Method : Random,Sequential,Direct Technology Based: Semiconductor, Optical, Magnetic Ext Power to Retain: Volatile, Nonvolatile

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Booting
When the computer is switched on, it contains no Information, and to bring that information from secondary NONVOLATILE memory to Primary Memory, a process is executed called BOOTING.

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Operating System
It is the Resource Manager of whole computer system and responsible for User interface and security. e.g. Process, Memory, IO, Information Example DOS, Windows95, Windows98, Windows XP LINUX, UNIX.
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Files and Software

Types of files data files store information, executable files do something Types of software
system software includes O/S and other utilities application software includes applications like office, and browser

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Data v/s Information

Data = raw, unorganized facts.

Can be in the form of text, graphics, audio, or video.

Information = data that has been processed into a useful form.

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Program
A Method to solve given problem Once the method is known it is reused with varying data. e.g. To calculate Average Formula is (A+B)/2 it can be used to calculated average for different values of A and B
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Role of Operating System

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Classification
Number of Users

Single User, Multi User Character Interface, Graphical Interface, Voice Real-Time, Desktop, Embedded, Network

User Interface

Application Based:

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Popular Operating System

OS/360 CP/M DOS Macintosh Windows Unix Linux Minix Plan 9

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Common Features
Process Management Memory Management File Management Device Management Security

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User Level Operations

File Operations

Create; Delete; Copy; Move; Rename; Print Create; Remove; Traverse; Spreadsheet; Word Processor; Database; Backup Shutdown, Logoff, Restart, Hybernate, Standby
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Folder Operations

Execution of Applications

System Control Operations

Windows Operating System

Microsoft Product Features
Desktop Graphical User Interface Multitasking Secured from other user sessions Plug and Play

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Mouse Nomenclature

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Login Operation

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Control Panel

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Desktop

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UNIX/LINUX Operating System

MULTICS developed by MIT,AT&T,GE (1960s) UNIX developed by AT&T Researchers (1969)

Rework on Multics

LINUX developed by Community Methodology Kernel by Linus Torvald (1991)

Rework on UNIX
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Variants of UNIX

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Features
MutiUser System Command User Interface Developed for Programmers Time Sharing Secured Portable Hierarchical File System
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Commands
FILE OPERATION ls : To list all available files and directories cp : To copy a file to another file mv: To rename/move at other location Rm : To delete a file cat : create, display, append, cat>my; cat my; cat ab>>pq
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Commands contd..
Directory Operations mkdir : Create new directory rmdir : Delete a directory cd : Change directory, cd ..; cd <name>; Authorization Operation chmod: Change mode of file/directory

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Windows and UNIX Architecture

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Popular Terms
Virus Worm Format Backup

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Thank You rajeshp@jnvu.edu.in

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