1.

INTRODUCTION
Triangle (geometry), geometric figure consisting of
three points, called vertices, connected by three
sides. In Euclidean plane geometry, the sides are
straight line segments (see Fig. 1). In spherical
geometry, the sides are arcs of great circles (see
Fig. 10). See Geometry; Trigonometry. The term
triangle is sometimes used to describe a geometric
figure having three vertices and sides that are
arbitrary curves (see Fig. 11)
 Trigonometry
 Trigonometry, branch of mathematics that
deals with the relationships between the
sides and angles of triangles and with the
properties and applications of the
trigonometric functions of angles. The two
branches of trigonometry are plane
trigonometry, which deals with figures lying
wholly in a single plane, and spherical
trigonometry, which deals with triangles that
are sections of the surface of a sphere
TYPES OF TRIANGLES
 TYPES OF TRIANGLES
 Triangles are classified in terms of their sides and angles. Scalene
triangles have no equal sides (fig. 1), isosceles triangles have two
equal sides (fig. 4), and equilateral triangles have three equal sides
(fig. 5). In acute triangles, all the angles are less than 90° (fig. 1). In
right triangles, one angle is equal to 90° (fig. 3). In obtuse triangles,
one angle is more than 90° (fig. 2). A line is called an altitude if it is
drawn from a vertex perpendicular to the opposite side (fig. 6). A line
is called a median if it is drawn from a vertex to the midpoint of the
opposite side (fig. 7). A line is called an angle bisector if it divides an
angle into two equal angles (fig. 8). A line is called a perpendicular
bisector if it is drawn perpendicular to a side through its midpoint
(fig. 9). A triangle drawn on the surface of a sphere is called a
spherical triangle (fig. 10). A figure with three arbitrary curves is
sometimes called a triangle (fig. 11)
 II PLANE TRIANGLES

 A Euclidean plane triangle has three

interior angles (the word interior is often
omitted), each formed by two adjacent
sides.
 III SPHERICAL TRIANGLES

 Many properties of plane triangles have analogues in

spherical triangles, but the differences between the
two types are important. For example, the sum of the
angles of a spherical triangle is between 180° and
540° and varies with the size and shape of the
triangle. A spherical triangle with one, two, or three
right angles is called a rectangular, birectangular, or
trirectangular triangle. A spherical triangle in which
one, two, or three sides are quadrants (quarter
circumferences) is called a quadrantal, biquadrantal,
or triquadrantal triangle.
TRIGONOMETRY BUILDING

Find the Height of a Building

To estimate the height, H, of a building, measure the
distance, D, from the point of observation to the base of the
building and the angle, θ (theta), shown in the diagram. The
ratio of the height H to the distance D is equal to the
trigonometric function tangent θ (H/D = tan θ).
 Trigonometric Functions

 Trigonometric functions are unitless values that

vary with the size of an angle. An angle placed in a
rectangular coordinate plane is said to be in
standard position if its vertex coincides with the
origin and its initial side coincides with the positive
x-axis.
 .
Trigonometric Identities

The following formulas, called identities, which show the relationships between
the trigonometric functions, hold for all values of the angle θ, or of two angles,
θ and φ, for which the functions involved are:
 PRESENTED BY : -
 NAME KARAMJIT SINGH
 CLASS 10TH