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PROPERTIES
GOVT.GIRLS.SEN.SEC.SCHOO
L:-SADIQ
DISTT:-FARIDKOT
TRIANGLE
A TRIANGLE IS A PLANE AND CLOSED FIGURE, BOUNDED BY
THREE STRAIGHT LINE SEGMENTS.
60
60 60
NO SIDES EQUAL .
NO ANGLES EQUAL.
(B) ACCORDING TO THEIR ANGLES :
(1) RIGHT- ANGLED
55
50 75
CE Aparallel to BA. L
D
B
C
Proof: Statement:
1. Since, AB // EC and AC is transversal,
ABC= ECD
2. Again, AB// EC and AC is transversal,
BAC= ACE
3. ABC+ BAC= ECD+ ACE
4. ABC+ BAC + BCA= ECD+ ACE+ BCA
5. But, ECD+ ACE+ BCA=Straight line angle
BCD = 180°
6. ABC+ BAC+ BCA=180 °
…
Reason: …
Corresponding angles. .
Alternate angles.
Adding results of 1 and 2.
Adding BCA on both the sides.
Measure of straight line angle is 180°
INEQUALITIES
Statement 1 :
If two side of a triangle are unequal, the greater angle
opposite to it.
e.g. if in triangle ABC, side AC is greater than side AB
then, the angle opposite to side AC is greater than the
angle opposite to side AB.
B is greater than C i.e. B> C.
B C
Statement 2 :
(Converse of statement 1): If two angles of a triangle are
unequal, the greater angle has greater side opposite to it .
e.g. if in ΔABC; angle A is greater than angle C then ,side opposite to
∟A is greater than the side opposite to ∟ C.
BC is greater than AB i.e. BC > AB.
B
C
Statement 3 :
The sum of the lengths of any two of a triangle is always than
the third side.
i.e. in Δ ABC:
(1) AB+ BC>AC (2)BC+AC>AB and (3)AB+AC>BC.
Statement 4 :
if in triangle ABC, AC is greater than AB then their difference AC-
AB<BC
Similarly, BC- AB< AC (if BC > AB) and so on.
B C
INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR ANGLES OF A TRIANGLE
1.Interior angles of a triangle:
In triangle ABC;∟BAC( i.e.∟A),∟ABC(i.e.∟B) and ∟BCA (i.e.∟C)
are called its interior angles as they lie inside the triangle.
B C
2. Exterior angles of a triangle:
In Δ ABC; if side BC is produced upto any point D, than the angle ACD is
called the exterior angle of the triangle .
Since, the interior angles A and B of Δ ABC are opposite to the exterior
angle ACD, they are called interior opposite angles of the angle ACD.
B C D
Theorem 2
If one side of a triangle is produced , the exterior angle so formed is equal to the
Sum of the two interior opposite angles .
Given : a triangle ABC whose side BC is produced upto point D.
To prove: exterior ∟ ACD=∟A+∟B
Construction: Draw CE parallel to BA.
PROOF : STATEMENT REASON
1. Since, CE//BA and BCD is transversal, Corresponding angles
∟ECD=∟B
2. Since, CE//BA AND AC is transversal, Alternate angles
∟ACE=∟A A
E
B
C D
IMPORTANT
B C
B C
B D C
A (3)
(2) A
A
E F
B C B C
B D C [CF is altitude
[ BE is altitude
[AD is altitude corresponding
corresponding corresponding
to side AB]
to side BC] to side AC]
Remember : The three altitude of a triangle always intersect each other at the
same point . This point of intersection of the altitude is called orthocenter.
In the given figure , O is the orthocenter of Δ ABC.
Angle – bisector – The line bisecting an interior angle of a
triangle is called
the angle -bisector A
(2) A (3)
(1) A
E F
B D C B C B C
A
(1) A (2) (3)
P A S
M
N
B C
B C B C
Q R
5. AD= AD [Common]
AB= AC [C.P.C.T.C.]
Hence Proved.
Construction of Equilateral triangles.
When altitude is given:
Let the altitude of the required triangle be 3.6 cm.
Steps:
1. Draw a line PQ of any suitable length.
2. In PQ, mark a point O.
3. At O, draw a line OR perpendicular to PQ and from OR cut OA = 3.6 cm.
4. At A, draw AB so that ∟ OAB = 30 and AC so that ∟ OAC = 30 . B and
C being the points on PQ.
Thus, ABC is the required triangle
R
.
A
P B O C Q
Alternative Method :
Steps :
1. Draw a line PQ of any suitable length.
2. Taking any two points in PQ as centres, draw two arcs each of
R A S
P B C Q
Construction of Isosceles triangle.
1. When base and one base angle are given:
Let the base be 5.2 cm and one base angle be 45 .
Steps :
1. Draw AB = 5.2 cm
2. At A and B both, construct angles = 45 each.
Let the two lines making 45 angles meet at C.
Thus , ABC is the required triangle.
A B
5.2 cm.
Construction of right- angled triangles.
• When length of one side and hypotenuse are given :
Let one side be 3.5 cm and hypotenuse be 5.5 cm.
Steps:
1. Draw AB= 3.5 cm
2. At A, draw AP so that AP ┴ AB i.e. ∟ PAB = 90.
3. With B as centre and radius = 5.5 cm, draw an arc
which cuts
AP at point C. Join C and B .
P
Thus , ABC is the required triangle.
C
5.5cm
A 3.5 cm B
MEANING OF CORRESPONDING SIDES AND CORRESPONDING
ANGLES
1. In congruent triangles , the sides opposite to equal angles are the
corresponding sides and so are equal.
The figure given alongside, shows two congruent triangle ABC and DEF.
In the figure equal angles are marked.
Since , from the figure:<A=<F
the sides opposite to these two angles are the corresponding sides
sides BC and DE are the corresponding sides and so BC = DE.
S9imilarly , from the figure :<C =<D
the sides opposite to <C and <D are corresponding sides
sides AB and EF are corresponding sides and so AB = EF.
And, <B = <E - AC and DF are corresponding sides
A -AC =DF. D
B C E F
(2) In congruent triangles , the angles opposite to equal sides are the
corresponding angles and so are equal .
Since , side AC= side EF
angles opposite to side AC and EF are corresponding angle
<B and <D are corresponding angles and so <B = <D
Similarly,
side BC =side DE - <A and <F are corresponding angles
- <A = <F
And, side AB = side DF - <C and <E are corresponding angles
- <C =<F
A D
B C
E F
CONDITIONS FOR CONGRUENCY OF TRIANGLES
1. Two triangles are congruent, if three sides of one triangle are equal ti
three sides of the other triangle, each to each.
The adjoining figure shows two triangles ABC and DEF , in which :
AB = EF , BC = DF and AC = DF.
∆ABC =∆DEF
D
A
B E F
C
CONDITIONS FOR CONGRUENCY OF TRIANGLES
1. Two triangles are congruent , if two sides and the included angle of one
triangle are equal to two sides and included angle of other triangle.
the adjoining figure shows two triangle ABC and DEF, in which :
BC = DF, AC = DF
and <C = <D
∆ABC~ ∆ DEF
B E F
C
CONDITIONS FOR CONGRUENCY OF TRIANGLES
1. Two right – angled triangles are congruent , if the hypotenuse and one side of one
triangle are equal to the hypotenuse and one side of the other triangle.
the adjoining figure shows two right – angled triangle ABC and DEF in which <B = <E
= 90 ; hypotenuse AC = hypotenuse DF
and side AB ==side EF.
∆ ABC ~ ∆ DEF
D
A
E
B C F
8. Construction of Scalene Triangles.
2. When lengths of its three sides are given :
Let the length sides be 4.5 cm , 4 cm and 5.2 cm .
Steps :
1. Draw AB = 4.5 cm.
2. With A as centre and radius = 4 cm , draw an arc.
3. With B as centre and radius = 5.2 cm , draw one more arc which cuts
4 cm 5.2 cm
A 4.5 cm B
2. When length if two sides and the included angle are given :
Let the two sides be 5 cm and 4.2 cm , and the included angle be 75.
Steps :
1. Draw AB = 5 cm.
2. At A, draw line AP, so that angle <PAB = 75 .
3. From AP , cut AC = 4.2 cm and then join B and C.
thus, ABC is the required triangle .
P
A 5cm B
3. When two angles and the included side are given :
Let the two angles be 60 and 45 , and the included side be 5.4 cm
Steps :
60 45
A 5.4 cm B
• When the base, one base angle and the sum of lengths of other
two sides are given :
Let the base be 4.8 cm, one base angle be 60 and the sum of
other to sides be 9.2 cm .
Steps:
1. Draw AB = 4.8 cm .
2. At A , draw AP = 9.2 cm such that ∟ PAB = 60.
3. Join P and B .
4. Draw perpendicular of BP which meets AP a point C. Join C
and B.
Thus, ABC is the required triangle .
C
60
A 4.8 cm B
1. When the base , one base angle and the sum of lengths of other two
sides are given:
Let the base be 4.8cm, one base angle be 30 and the
difference between the lengths of other two sides be 1.2 cm.
Steps :
1. Draw AB = 4.5 cm.
2. At A , draw AP such that ∟PAB = 30.
3. From AP ,cut AQ = 1.2 cm.
4. Join B and Q, and draw the perpendicular bisector of BQ which
P
meets AP at point C. C
5. Join C and B. Q
A D E B
PROJECT PREPARED BY:-
NAME CLASS
Neeru Bala 9TH Slides,Animation
Anu Bala 9TH Slides ,Sound
Jagmeet Kaur 9TH Paint
Amandeep Kaur 9TH Animation
Navdeep Kaur 9TH Transtion