Network

•Network topology
•Basic types of topologies
•Classification of network topologies
 Network
- network is used generally to mean a set of
computers that are connected together in
such a way as to permit them to
communicate and share information.
 Netwo rk
topolo gy
– is the study of the arrangement or mapping of
the elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a network,
especially the physical (real) and logical (virtual)
interconnections between nodes.
− mapping of the elements of a network gives rise
to certain basic topologies which may then be
combined to form more complex topologies (hybrid
topologies).− the way that the devices on a network
are arranged and how they communicate with each
other.
− way that the workstations are connected to the
network through the actual cables that transmit data
 Basic types of topologies
• Bus (Linear, Linear Bus) • partially connected
• Star mesh (or simply 'mesh')
• Ring • fully connected mesh
• Mesh • Tree (modified by tayeb)
• Hybrid
Classification of network
topologies

• Signal topologies
• Logical topologies
• Physical topologies
 Signal topology
− mapping of the actual connections
between the nodes of a network, as
evidenced by the path that the signals
take when propagating between the
nodes.
− often used synonymously with the term
'logical topology',
 Example:
Signal topology is a bus (i.e., the
electrical signal propagates to all nodes
simultaneously [ignoring propagation
delays and network latency]), and the
logical topology is a ring (i.e., the data
flows from one node to the next in a
circular manner according to the
protocol)
 Logical
topology
– mapping of the apparent connections between
the nodes of a network, as evidenced by the
path that data appears to take when traveling
between the nodes.
− the way that the signals act on the network
media, or the way that the data passes through
the network from one device to the next without
regard to the physical interconnection of the
devices.
− bound to the network protocols that direct how
the data moves across a network.
 Classification of logical
topologies
• logical classification of network topologies
generally follows the same classifications
as those in the physical classifications of
network topologies, the path that the data
takes between nodes being used to
determine the topology as opposed to the
actual physical connections being used to
determine the topology.
Notes:
1.) Logical topologies are often closely associated with
media access control (MAC) methods and protocols.
2.) The logical topologies are generally determined by
network protocols as opposed to being determined by
the physical layout of cables, wires, and network
devices or by the flow of the electrical signals, although
in many cases the paths that the electrical signals take
between nodes may closely match the logical flow of
data, hence the convention of using the terms 'logical
topology' and 'signal topology' interchangeably.
3.) Logical topologies are able to be dynamically
reconfigured by special types of equipment such as
routers and switches.
Example:
•Ethernet protocol is a common logical
bus topology protocol, provides a single
channel (or bus) that carries Ethernet
signals to all stations.

•LocalTalk is a common logical bus or

star topology protocol.

•IBM's Token Ring is a common logical

ring topology protocol.
 Physical topologies
− mapping of the nodes of a network and
the physical connections between them –
i.e., the layout of wiring, cables, the
locations of nodes, and the
interconnections between the nodes and
the cabling or wiring system.
 Classification of physical
topologies
Point-to-point
− simplest topology is a permanent link
between two endpoints.
− simplest and most straightforward.
− a chain of devices and another name
for this type of connectivity is called daisy
chaining.
− connects two nodes directly together.
 •Most computers can 'daisy chain' a
series of serial devices from one of its
serial ports. Networks of routers are often
configured as point-to-point topologies.
•Most often a communications
connection between two devices over a
single hardware connection that is not
shared by any other devices. There will be
exactly two and only two devices on the
connection. Networks using point-to-point
topologies can be daisy-chained together
to form an end-to-end communications
path.
 Permanent (dedicated)
− easiest to understand, of the variations of
point-to-point topology, is a point-to-point
communications channel that appears, to
the user, to be permanently associated
with the two endpoints.
 Point to Multipoint
− a single connection point on the network
has network segments that run to several
other points.
− all transmissions from all devices pass
through the hub--the hub broadcasts all
communication from any single device to
all other devices connected to it.
− the hub can send to one or more systems
based on an address.
Switched:
• Using circuit-switching or packet-
switching technologies, a point-to-point
circuit can be set up dynamically, and
dropped when no longer needed. This is
the basic mode of conventional telephony.
Example:
•Two computers communicating via
modems.
•A mainframe terminal
communicating with a front end
processor.
•A workstation communicating along
a parallel cable to a printer.
Presented by: Liafe D. Angco
CNST-A
Introduction to Networking
(NET1)