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CORRELATION
Correlation is a statistical technique that can show whether and how strongly pairs of variables are related
Correlation is used to measure and describe a relationship between two variables. Usually these two variables are simply observed as they exist in the environment; there is no attempt to control or manipulate the variables.
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
The correlation coefficient measures two characteristics of the relationship between X and Y: STRENGTH OF THE RELATIONSHIP IS DETERMINED BY THE CLOSENESS OF THE POINTS TO A STRAIGHT LINE WHEN A PAIR OF VALUES ARE PLOTTED ON A GRAPH DIRECTION IS DETERMINED BY WHETHER ONE VARIABLE GENERALLY INCREASES OR DECREASES WHEN THE OTHER VARIABLE INCREASES
Degree of Correlation
Perfect correlation Limited degrees of correlation Absence of correlation
TYPES OF CORRELATION
i. Positive and Negative ii. Simple, partial and multiple iii.Linear and non-linear
Positive Correlation
If the higher scores on X are generally paired with the higher scores on Y, and the lower scores on X are generally paired with the lower scores on Y, then the direction of the correlation between two variables is positive
Negative Correlation
If the higher scores on X are generally paired with the lower scores on Y, and the lower scores on X are generally paired with the higher scores on Y, then the direction of the correlation between two variables is negative.
Correlation analysis of X1,X2,X3,X4 and X5 is an example of Multiple Correlation whereas if we only study the the the relation between X1 and X2 it would be an example of Partial Correlation
X
y
x 100
200 300
dx
dx
y 30
50 60
dy
dy
dx.dy
400
500 600 700
80
100 110 130
dx
dx
dy
dy
dx.dy
A 6 5 3 10 2 4 9 7 8 1 B 3 8 4 9 1 6 10 7 5 2
RANK 1 (R1) 6 5 3 10 2 4 9 7 8 1
d=R1-R2 d
53 42 60 45 41 37 38 25 27
68 43 38 77 48 35 30 25 50
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