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DEFECT
Dr Prakash Sapkale
• Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the second most common
cardiac malformation accounting for approximately one fifth of all
congenital cardiac anomalies.
• 3 Embryological Precursors:
• Large VSDs -
– the chest radiograph shows gross cardiomegaly with prominence of both
ventricles, the left atrium,(visible on lateral radiographs), and the
pulmonary artery. The pulmonary vascular markings are increased and
frank pulmonary edema, including pleural effusions, may be present.
– VSD with pulmonary hypertension- chest radiograph may be normal despite
large defect
• Essentially normal-sized heart
• RV hypertrophy with the cardiac apex rotated slightly upward, to the left, and
posteriorly
• Markedly prominent main PA and adjacent vessels
• Decreased pulmonary vascularity in outer third of the lung fields
• ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY:
• ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY:
• Injection of contrast into the LV or main pulmonary artery- LAO or
lateral projection
• Replaced by echocardiography
END