SCIM - 1, Sem - 1

TO Gaurang Badheka

Prepared BY

Indian Rural Sector

Issues & Challenges

Distinctive Features of Rural and Urban Environment

Attribute
Population density Occupation Economy Infrastructure Family structure Asset formation

Rural
Low Agriculture Less monetized Poor & weak Joint Low

Urban
High Trade, Industry Monetized Strong

Nuclear
High

Rural Economic Structure

Agriculture Sector
Education Sector Healthcare Sector

Infrastructure

Poverty in rural areas

Issues of water management

Issues &CHALLENGES in THE agricultural sector

Indian Agriculture- Some Facts

Total Geographical Area - 328 million hectares Net Area sown - 142 million hectares Gross Cropped Area 190.8 million hectares Major Crop Production (1999-2000)
Rice Wheat Coarse Cereals Pulses Oilseeds Sugarcane
7

89.5 million tonnes 75.6 million tonnes 30.5 million tonnes 13.4 million tonnes 20.9 million tonnes 29.9 million tonnes

Issues in agricultural sector

Low Technology Inputs Farm sector growth during 2007-08 is only 2.6 percent, where as the GDP grown is 8.7 Unsustainable Water Management percent. Food production growth reduced to 1.2 Poor Infrastructure percent between 1990-2007which is lower than population growth (1.9percent). Low value addition Degradation in soil quality due to increase in use of chemical fertilizer

CHALLENGES in THE agricultural sector

Increase farmers access to markets Improve agricultural productivity.

Improve public education. Improve basic facility

Promote non-farm entrepreneurship among farmers

Rural Urban Literacy Rate

Year Male Female Total

Rural
1991 Urban

57.90
81.10 64.13 71.40 86.70

30.60
64.00

44.70
73.10

Total
Rural 2001 Urban Total Rural

39.29
46.70 73.20 54.26 46.1 72.9 53.7

52.21
59.40 80.30 65.38 58.7 79.9 64.8

75.85
70.7 86.3 75.3

2010

Urban Total

Source: Economic Survey 2009-10

Issues in the Education Sector

CHALLENGES in THE Education Sector

lack of specialist doctors in the rural sector The current doctor population ratio is 1:1800 India is ranked 3rd among the countries with the most number of HIV-infected Number of private hospital is more as compare to public hospital in rural area. Lack of awareness.

CHALLENGES In the Healthcare Sector

improve the participation of the private sector in the rural areas The government has reduced certain duties, which has brought down the cost of various drugs and equipments. There has been a constant focus by the government on the development of the healthcare sector. the government and private sector enterprises are joining hands to boost the Indian healthcare sector

 Poor Roads Infrastructure Poor Education Infrastructure

Poor Healthcare Infrastructure Poor Telecom Infrastructure

Development of roads for better transportation in rural area. Challenge to change market infrastructure. Development of a drainage system.

Development of electricity and water supply.

Unequal distribution of income. High population growth.

Illiteracy. Large families. Caste system.

Small farmers development Programme. Drought area development Programme. Basic needs Programme. National rural employment Programme. Assurance on employment

India has 16per cent groundwater extracted is used Ninety two per cent of the worlds population and four per cent of itssector,water resources. cent in the agricultural fresh five and three per respectively for industrial and domestic sector. only 26% of the slum population has access to safe drinking water. cent of surface water use is for Eight nine per agricultural sector and two per cent and nine per cent Estimates indicate that surface and ground water respectively are used by the industrial and domestic availability is around 1,869 billion cubic metres (BCM). sector. Of this, 40 per cent is not available for use due to geological and topographical reasons.