Chapter 5

Chapter 5:
Server Installation
 Learning Objectives
Chapter 5

■ Make installation, hardware, and site-

specific preparations to install Windows
2000 Server
■ Install Windows 2000 Server using
different methods, including from a CD-
ROM, from the installation disks, over a
network, unattended, and from another
operating system
Learning Objectives (continued)
Chapter 5

■ Go through a Windows 2000 Server

installation step by step, and test the
installation
■ Upgrade a Windows NT server and
domain
■ Create an emergency repair disk
Learning Objectives (continued)
Chapter 5

■ Install a service pack

■ Troubleshoot installation problems and
uninstall Windows 2000 Server
 Installation Preparations
Chapter 5

Planning Steps:
■ Gather information about what

hardware components are installed

◆ Does it meet the minimum requirements
◆ Is it on the Hardware Compatibility List
(HCL)
◆ Is the hardware sufficient for the software
to be installed
◆ Download the latest drivers for NIC, SCSI
adapter, Video card, etc.
 Installation Preparations
Chapter 5

■ Plan disk and file system usage

◆ How to partition the disk or disks
◆ Hardware or Software RAID
◆ Which file system will be used

■ Administrator account password

■ Name of the server
■ Which protocols to install
■ What licensing method to use
 Decide Whether to Set Up
a Dual Boot System Chapter 5

■ Other systems that can reside on the

same server as Windows 2000 Server
include MS-DOS, Windows 3.x,
Windows 95, and Windows 98
■ None of these operating systems can
read the NTFS file system without 3rd
party drivers.
■ Dual-boot is not recommended in a
production environment
 Partitioning the Disk
Chapter 5
■ Partitioning – process in which a hard disk or
section of a hard disk is setup for use by an
operating system (Windows 2000) or file
system (NTFS, FAT32, etc.)
■ A partition is usually associated with a drive
letter such as C: or D:.
■ Formatting – operation that physically divides
a disk into small sections called tracks and
sectors
■ During the installation of Windows 2000, only
create the partition required for the operating
system files. You can create other partitions
later after Windows is installed.
 File Systems
Chapter 5
■ Choose between FAT and NTFS during the
Windows 2000 installation.
■ NTFS offers the best security, performance,
and file handling
■ FAT will automatically format 2GB or smaller
partitions as FAT16 and larger than 2 GB
partitions as FAT32.
■ New FAT32 partitions are limited to 32GB in
Windows 2000. Windows 2000 will read
FAT32 partitions larger than 32GB if they
were created with another operating system.
 Server Naming
Chapter 5

■ Use a name that makes sense to users

and administrators
■ Make the name descriptive of the
server’s function or of the organization
■ Allow for growth in your naming scheme
■ For DNS purposes, avoid using special
characters other than the hyphen
■ Make sure the name is not already used
on the network
 Administrator Password
Chapter 5

■ Use a “strong” or difficult-to-guess password

for the critical Administrator account
■ Characteristics of a strong password:
◆ 8 or more characters
◆ Has a combination of letters (upper and
lower case), numbers, and symbols
◆ Includes at least one symbol in characters
two through six
 Protocol Selection
Chapter 5

■ Use the default TCP/IP setup as a

starting point during installation
■ Add other protocols later as needed
 Licensing Methods
Chapter 5

■ Per server licensing: A server license

scheme based on the maximum
number of clients that log on to the
server at one time (used when there are
multiple “shifts” of workers using the
same PC).
■ Per seat licensing: A server license
scheme that requires enough licenses
for all network clients that will ever
 Initial Server Installation
Chapter 5

■ Standalone server: A server that is not a

member of a domain, but that is a member of an
existing workgroup or that establishes its own
workgroup, such as in peer-to-peer networking
■ Member server: A server that is a member of an
existing Windows 2000 domain, but that does
not function as a domain controller
✦ (Either type of server can be later set up as a
domain controller by using DCPROMO.EXE)
 Installation Methods
Chapter 5

■ CD-ROM only
■ Floppy disk and CD-ROM
■ Network installation
■ Installation from an existing operating
system
■ Unattended installation
 Installation Programs
Chapter 5

■ Use Winnt.exe when installing from

installation floppy or CD-ROM and from
computers already booted from MS-
DOS or Windows 3.x
■ Use Winnt32.exe from computers
already booted from Windows 95/98,
Windows NT, or Windows 2000 (an
upgrade installation)
 Command-line Switches
for Winnt.exe (16-bit version)
Chapter 5
Switch Purpose

/? Lists the switches

/r:foldername Creates an optional folder of files copied from the

Windows 2000 Server CD (the folder remains after
installation is complete)

/rx:foldername ■Creates an optional folder of files copied from the

Windows 2000 Server CD (the folder is deleted after
installation is complete).
 Command-line Switches
for Winnt.exe (16-bit version)
Chapter 5
Switch Purpose

/s:drive:\folder Uses a source path for the installation files other than
the current path

/u:script file Used in an unattended installation to specify the name

of the answer file. Should be used with the /s switch.

udf:id Uniqueness database file to be used with an

unattended install.
 Command-line Switches
for Winnt32 Chapter 5
Switch Purpose

/? Lists the switches for Winnt32

/checkupgra Creates only a report to tell you if the computer is compatible

deonly with Windows 2000 (the report is called Upgrade.txt for
computers running Windows 95/98 and Winnt32.log for
computers running Windows NT 3.51 or 4.0)

/comdcons Adds a Recovery Console option to the BOOT.INI file so that

you can fix problems with an installation

/copydir: Creates a special subfolder in the final Winnt directory, usually

folder implemented for information specific to that installation, such
as to store specialized drivers for use only during the
installation (the folder is deleted after the installation is
completed)
 Command-line Switches
for Winnt32 (continued) Chapter 5
Switch Purpose
/s:drive:\folder Uses a path for the installation files other than the current path –
/s:\\server\share also enables you to copy files from two or more sources by
specifying multiple /s commands
/unattend Enables you to upgrade a version of Windows 2000 to a later
version, using the parameters already in place for your current
version
/unattend Used in an unattended installation to specify the name of the
[seconds]:script file answer file containing installation commands (the seconds
parameter is used to create an interval between when the setup
files are copied and the computer reboots so you can interrupt to
enter a command)

udf:id Enables a uniqueness database file to be used with an unattended

installation so that particular information in the script can be
changed, such as the name of the server (id specifies the name of
the database file, such as udf:install.dbf)
 CD-ROM Installation
Chapter 5

■ Insert the Windows 2000 Server CD-

ROM
■ Set the computer’s BIOS to boot first
from CD-ROM
■ While booting, you will be prompted to
“press any key” to boot from CD-ROM
■ After Winnt.exe starts, follow the
instructions on the screen
 Floppy Disk and
CD-ROM Installation Chapter 5

■ Set the BIOS to boot first from drive A:

■ Insert Setup Disk #1 and the CD-ROM
■ Turn on the computer, booting from the
Setup Disk #1
■ After Winnt.exe starts, insert Setup Disk
#2 and follow the on-screen instructions
 Making Copies of the
Setup Floppy Disks
Chapter 5

■ Format 4 floppy disks

■ Insert the Windows 2000 Server CD-
ROM
■ Click Start and then click Run
■ Enter the drive letter of the CD-ROM
and the path \bootdisk\makebt32.exe.
◆ ex: E:\bootdisk\makebt32.exe
■ Click OK
■ Follow the on-screen instructions
 Network Installation
Chapter 5

■ Copy the installation files from the “i386”

folder on the Windows 2000 Server CD-ROM
to a network server
■ Share the i386 folder and set appropriate
permissions (read and execute is enough)
■ Map a drive from the target computer to the
server’s shared folder.
■ Run Winnt.exe or Winnt32.exe from the
shared folder using any necessary switches
■ Follow the on-screen instructions
 Upgrading a Previous
Operating System Chapter 5

■ Boot the computer to use its existing

operating system
■ Insert the Windows 2000 Server CD-
ROM
■ Click Start, click Run, enter the drive
letter of the CD-ROM and the path to
the Winnt.exe or Winnt32.exe file, such
as \I386\winnt32 plus any switches
■ Follow the on-screen instructions
 Installation Tip
Chapter 5

■ If you install Windows 2000 from MS-

DOS, you can significantly reduce the
installation time if you start the
SMARTDRIVE utility before running
Winnt.exe
■ To load smartdrive, type “smartdrv /x” at
the DOS prompt.
 Unattended Installation
Over the Network Chapter 5

■ Create an answer file using Setup

Manager (setupmgr.exe) from the
Windows 2000 Support Tools
■ Use the /s and /u (or /unattend) switches
to specify the location of the installation
files and the answer file such as:
◆ Winnt32 /s:\\mainserver\I386 /unattend:unattend.txt
■ Use a uniqueness database and the
/UDF switch to further customize the
unattended installation
 Unattended Installation
via CD-ROM Chapter 5

■ An alternative to a unattended network

installation is to create an answer file to
use when booting via the CD-ROM
■ When used with booting from a CD-
ROM, the answer file MUST be named
Winnt.sif
Installation Troubleshooting Tip
Chapter 5

■ If Setup starts, but does not find mass

storage, restart the installation, press F6
as soon as possible and load the
manufacturer’s driver (such as for a SCSI
adapter)
■ If Setup does not start because you are
using a multiprocessor computer, restart
the installation, press F5, and provide the
computer manufacturer’s Hal.dll
 Installation Part 1
Chapter 5

■ When the Windows Setup starts, it

inspects the computer hardware and
loads drivers and then presents a
screen on which to press Enter to start
the installation
 Installation Part 1
(continued) Chapter 5

Figure 5-3 Beginning setup options

 Installation Part 1
(continued) Chapter 5

■ Read the licensing agreement and

press F8
■ Select the partitioned or unpartitioned
disk space on which to install Windows
2000
 Installation Part 1
(continued) Chapter 5

Figure 5-4
Detecting
partitions
 Installation Part 1
(continued) Chapter 5

■ Select the file system to use, FAT or

NTFS
■ Setup automatically checks the disks,
copies files, and reboots into the
graphical mode
 Installation Part 2
Chapter 5

■ Setup gathers and verifies information

about the computer, such as the
keyboard and pointing device
■ Setup next enables you to configure
regional and keyboard settings, such as
the language that you use
 Installation Part 2
(continued) Chapter 5

■ Enter your name and the name of your

organization
■ Enter the product key which is obtained
from the back of the Windows 2000
Server CD-ROM jewel case
 Installation Part 2
(continued) Chapter 5

Figure 5-5 Name and organization information

 Installation Part 2
(continued) Chapter 5

■ Select the licensing mode

■ Enter the name of the server and the
Administrator account’s password
■ Select the Windows 2000 components
to install
 Installation Part 2
(continued) Chapter 5

Figure 5-6 Windows 2000 components

 Installation Part 2
(continued) Chapter 5

■ If there is an installed modem, provide

the Modem Dialing information
■ Verify the date and time
■ Select the network configuration option,
such as Typical settings in order to install
TCP/IP
■ Specify whether the computer will start off
in a workgroup or domain (if in a domain,
provide the account and password)
 Installation Part 2
(continued) Chapter 5

■ Wait for Setup to install components and

files and then click Finish
Installation Part 2
(continued) Chapter 5

Figure 5-7 Installing components

 Log On and Test the Server
Chapter 5

■ Press Ctrl+Alt+Del, enter Administrator as

the account name, and enter the
Administrator password you specified
during the installation
■ Look for the Windows 2000 Configure Your
Server dialog box, which provides one
method for continuing to configure the
server
Configure Your Server Tool
Chapter 5

Figure 5-8 Configuration dialog box

 Testing the Desktop Icons
Chapter 5

■ Test the desktop icons and other

preliminary functions of the server
 Desktop
Chapter 5

Figure 5-9 Windows 2000 Desktop

 Upgrading a Windows NT 4.0
Server and Domain Chapter 5

■ Coordinate a time for the upgrade

■ Backup each server that will be upgraded
■ You must upgrade the PDC first
■ Upgrade the BDCs one at a time
■ Upgrade using Winnt32
■ Select the Upgrade to Windows 2000
(recommended) option
■ Follow the directions in the Windows 2000
Setup
Upgrading a Windows NT 4.0
Server and Domain (continued) Chapter 5

Figure 5-10 Selecting the upgrade option

 Upgrading a Windows NT 4.0
Server and Domain (continued) Chapter 5

■ When the Active Directory Wizard

starts, specify if you want to join an
existing domain tree or forest, or start a
new one
■ Establish the appropriate default
domain and other group policies
■ Convert the domain to native mode
after the last BDC is upgraded and
there are no more Windows NT servers
 Troubleshooting Tip
Chapter 5

■ Create an emergency repair disk for

each newly installed or upgraded server
■ Update the emergency repair disk every
time you implement an important
change on a server, such as after
installing new hardware, drivers, and
software
 Boot.ini File
Chapter 5

■ The Boot.ini file on the system partition

contains information about the location
of certain files necessary to boot the
operating system.
■ You can edit the boot.ini file using any
text editor such as notepad.
■ You will have to turn off the “read-only”
attribute before editing the file.
Sample Boot.ini File
Chapter 5

Figure 5-2 Boot.ini

file
 ARC Pathname Rules:
Chapter 5

■ Example 1
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINNT
■ Example 2
scsi(1)disk(2)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINNT
■ “scsi” = SCSI disk with BIOS disabled
■ “multi” = IDE disk or SCSI disk with the
BIOS enabled
 ARC Pathname Rules:
Chapter 5

■ “disk” = the ID of the SCSI device in the

SCSI chain starting with 0. Only used
when the arcpath begins with “scsi”.
■ “rdisk” = the ID of the non-scsi device
starting with 0. Only used when
arcpath begins with “multi”.
■ “partition” = the number of the partition
(counting from 1-4) where the Windows
2000 system files are installed.
 Service Packs
Chapter 5

■ Check Microsoft’s Web site for the latest

information about service packs and the
option to download them
■ Install service packs using the
Update.exe command
 Chapter Summary
Chapter 5

■ Before you install Windows 2000

Server, make sure the computer’s
components are on the HCL
■ Make decisions in advance about how
to complete the installation options,
such as how to partition the disk and
what file system to use
 Chapter Summary
Chapter 5

■ Use the appropriate installation option,

such as installing from CD-ROM, from
the installation diskettes, over the
network, from another operating
system, or unattended
■ Make an emergency repair disk after
you finish the installation