Fabrication And Analysis Of Pick And Place Robot.

Where AI meets the real world. Vishal Nayak S M-Tech- INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS S.I.T-Mangalore

What is a Robot ?

A re-programmable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.

A robot must have the following essential characteristics:

Mobility: It possesses some form of mobility. Programmability: implying computational or symbol- manipulative capabilities that a designer can combine as desired (a robot is a computer). It can be programmed to accomplish a large variety of tasks. After being programmed, it operates automatically. Sensors: on or around the device that are able to sense the environment and give useful feedback to the device Mechanical capability: enabling it to act on its environment rather than merely function as a data processing or computational device (a robot is a machine); and Flexibility: it can operate using a range of programs and manipulates and transport materials in a variety of ways.

Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics

Law Zero A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm. First Law A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. Second Law A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. Third Law A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

Construction & Working of the Robot

Mechanical platforms- the hardware base Sensors Motors Driving mechanisms Power supplies Electronic Controls Microcontroller systems Languages R/C Servos Pneumatics Driving High-Current Loads from Logic Controllers

PICK AND PLACE ROBOT

The time and man power are critical constrains for completion of task in large scales. the automation is playing important role to save human efforts in most of the regular and frequently carried works e.g. most of the industrial jobs like welding, painting, assembly, container filling etc. one of the major and most commonly performed work is picking and placing of jobs from source to destination. For this purpose, pick and place robot maybe used.

Pick and Place Robot.

The pick and place robot is a microcontroller based mechatronic system that detects the object, picks that object from source location and places at desired location. For detection of object, infrared sensors are used which detect presence of object as the transmitter to receiver path for infrared sensor is interrupted by placed object. As soon as robot senses presence of object, it moves towards object, picks it with end effectors, and moves along way gantry and finally place it on destination. If another object causes interrupt, it again does the same job. Whole process is controlled by micro controller.

Microcontroller systems

Speed Size Memory

Languages
RoboML (Robotic Markup Language) ROSSUM XRCL (Extensible Robot Control Language)

Mechanical Design
MECHANICAL COMPONENTS:

This pick and place robot has two main mechanical components: A] Robotic arm and end-effectors. B] Gantry for moving the arm.

OPERATION OF PICK AND PLACE ROBOT

1. Initially we will assume the rest position of entire system, i.e. state when no object is placed. 2. At this stage, photo detector is having its output high, since receiver of sensor can receive photons from transmitter as no object I in its path to interrupt. 3. As soon as object is placed at the picking platform, the sensor gets interrupted and outputs low. This signal is sent to the microcontroller which is burnt with program which tells what operation is to be performed at this stage. 4. For understanding operation, let us rename the two motors used here. Let the name of gantry motor be M1 and that for end effecter motor is M2.

Pick and Place Robot.

5. Now as microcontroller detects that object is placed, it moves motor M1 in say clockwise direction for a fixed time due to which whole arm moves towards picking platform. 6. As it reaches there, M1 stops and now motor M2 is started in say clockwise direction to hold the object by closing jaw. This motor also, is on for particular fixed time instant. 7. As M2 gets off, motor M1 is moved again in opposite (here anticlockwise) direction till the time it reaches the placing platform. 8. As it reaches placing platform, the motor M1 stops and M2 is switched ON in opposite (here anticlockwise) direction till it releases object properly on desired place. 9. If after this no object is detected, the robot is in rest position. Otherwise if another object is detected, steps from 3 are repeated till step 8.

Appling Robots
Safety Animatronics systems Industrial robots Space

Appling Robots
Safety Animatronics systems Industrial robots Space Examples 1. It can be used in Production industry. 2. In mass production. 3. In Automobile Industry. Etc..

Nothing is totally impossible. Perhaps one day we will be able to produce robots that are practically indistinguishable from ourselves.

Acknowledgement

Thanks to all of my respected teachers for allowing me to represent an article on Pick and Place Robot. I thank to the Internet Faculty of our college for providing access to Internet for searching data. Thanks to my parents for providing me a Personal Computer.

THANK YOU